1. Chapter 16, section 5
The Way to Victory

2. Southern Victories
General Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia seemed unbeatable

3. Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville
Union general, Ambrose Burnside, clashed with Lee near Virginia
The Confederates were entrenched
Burnside resigned and Joseph Hooker replaced him
Before Hooker could launch a full attack, Lee struck at Chancelorsville
Although the Rebels won the battle, they suffered many casualties, including Stonewall Jackson

4. The Battle of Gettysburg
Lincoln replaced Hooker with General George Meade.
The three-day Battle of Gettysburg:
1st day- Union cavalry surprised the Rebels, but were completely outnumbered and retreated
2nd day- The Rebels launched another assault, but a counterattack saved the Union’s position
3rd day- Pickett’s Charge- About 14,000 Confederate soldiers were easy targets for Union soldiers
Lee knew the loss was all his fault

5. Victory at Vicksburg
With the surrender of the Confederates at Vicksburg, the Union now had complete control of the Mississippi River.
Texas, Louisiana, and Arkansas were sealed off from the Confederacy.

6. Lincoln at Gettysburg
In a two-minute speech, Lincoln expressed what the war had come to mean.
The speech helped war-weary Americans look beyond the images of the battlefield and focus on their shared ideals.

7. Final Phases of the War
After his victory at Chattanooga, Lincoln named Ulysses S. Grant commander of all Union armies.
Grant devised a plan to cut off Richmond from the rest of the Confederacy that turned into a nine-month siege and cost the Union thousands of lives

8. The Election of 1864
With a Union victory led by David Farragut in Mobile Bay, Lincoln gained more popularity and easily won reelection

9. Total War
William Sherman’s army began the history “march to the sea” to Savannah, Georgia
The army destroyed everything in their path, including farms and rail lines
This is known as total war

10. Victory for the North
Through 1864, Grant continued his siege of Petersburg
Finally, on April 2nd 1865, Lee withdrew his troops
Richmond fell the same day

11. Surrender at Appomatox
On April 9th 1865, Lee and his troops surrendered to Grant in a small Virginia village called Appomattox Court House
The Confederates had to lay down their weapons and then were free to go home
Grant even let them keep their horses
Grant also ordered them three days worth of food
Jefferson Davis was captured in Georgia on May 10th

12. Results of the War More than 600,000 deaths resulted
The nation is billions of dollars in debt
Some Southerners developed bitter feelings that lasted for generations
Now the federal government in strengthened and it is clearly more powerful than the states
Finally, the war freed millions of African Americans