1. The Civil War
US HISTORY EOC REVIEW

2. USHC 3.2
Summarize the course of the Civil War and its impact on democracy, including the major turning points; the impact of the Emancipation Proclamation; the unequal Treatment afforded to African American military units; the geographic, economic, and political factors in the defeat of the Confederacy; and the ultimate defeat of the idea of secession.

3. Election of 1860 “A House divided against itself cannot stand.”
-- Abraham Lincoln

4. Secession The “Upper South” waited…
Indian Territory
(CSA)
The “Deep South” seceded after Lincoln was elected.
DOCUMENT

5. Causes of Southern Secession
Conflicting views about federal authority and states’ rights
Economic and cultural differences between the agricultural South and the industrializing North
Debates over the expansion of slavery into the western territories
The election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860

6. Confederate States of America
(CSA)
First National Flag of the CSA
Jefferson Davis,
President

7. War-making Capacity of the North and South

8. Confederate Advantages
More Competent Generals
Southern Military Tradition
“Home Field Advantage”
DEFENSE as objective
NOT conquest
HIGH STAKES
Survival as objective

9. CONFEDERATE Advantage
UNION Advantage
CONFEDERATE Advantage
Population
Manufacturing
Money
Defense
Military Leadership
Political Leadership

10. General Winfield Scott
The “Anaconda Plan” 2
Capture Richmond 3
Control the Miss. R.
General Winfield Scott
(1860) 1
Naval Blockade

11. Decisive Battles of the Civil War
Year
Victor
Significance
Union
Confed.
Fort Sumter
1861 X
Began the Civil War
Antietam (Sharpsburg)
1862
Tactical Draw
Union Strategic
Bloodiest Single Day of War
Emancipation Proclamation
Gettysburg (PA)
1863
Lee’s first tactical defeat
Vicksburg (MS)
Confederates lose control of Mississippi River
Appomattox Court House
1865
Lee surrenders to Grant

12. STRATEGIC VICTORY for the Union
Antietam
September, 1862
Lee and McClellan fought to a tactical draw in the bloodiest single day of the war.
Afterwards, Lee retreated to VA.
STRATEGIC VICTORY for the Union
CASUALTIES
USA
CSA
KILLED
2,108
1,546
WOUNDED
9,540
7,752
CAPT/MISS
753
1,018
TOTAL
12,401
10,316

13. The Emancipation Proclamation
1/1/1863
"That on the first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, all persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free…. “Now, therefore I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, by virtue of the power in me vested as Commander-in-Chief, of the Army and Navy of the United States in time of actual armed rebellion against the authority and government of the United States, and as a fit and necessary war measure for suppressing said rebellion…”
DOCUMENT

14. The Emancipation Proclamation
Areas affected
Areas specifically exempted

15. WHY, THEN?

16. Lincoln’s #1 War Aim Preserve the Union All other goals were secondary
Emancipation a goal IN ADDITION

17. 1863 Decisive Engagements Lee Engagement State Victory
Chancellorsville VA
Confederate
Gettysburg PA
Union
Vicksburg MS
Lee
In 1863, Lee won his greatest victory and suffered his greatest defeat.

18. Conscription Confederate Union (1863)
aka, “The Draft”
Confederate
(1862)
Union (1863)
Draftees could hire substitutes
Planters* exempt *20 or more slaves
$300 to exempt
“Rich man’s war, poor man’s fight.” -- Anti-draft slogan

19. Gettysburg
July 1-3, 1863
After his victory at Chancellorsville, Lee invaded Pennsylvania in hopes of gaining a decisive victory on Northern soil.

20. Gettysburg
July 1-3, 1863
After three days of fighting, Lee failed to defeat the Union Army. LEE’S FIRST TACTICAL DEFEAT
CASUALTIES
UNION
CONFEDERATE
KILLED
3,155
4,708
WOUNDED
14,531
12,693
CAPT/MISS
5,369
5,830
TOTAL
23,055
23,231

21. Siege of Vicksburg
May 18 – July 4, 1863
Grant

22. A Turning Point...
The back-to-back losses at Gettysburg and Vicksburg were severe blows to the Confederacy.
What effect did these battles have on the Copperhead movement in the North?

23. The Gettysburg Address November 19, 1863
RHETORIC
Fourscore and seven years ago… Of the people, by the people, and for the people…

24. African-Americans ALL VOLUNTEER in the Civil War
About 180,000 African-Americans enlisted in the Union Army in the later years of the war.
10% of Union Army / 1% of Population
ALL VOLUNTEER
Only whites were drafted in the North.

26. 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry
The film, Glory (1989), is based on the story of the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry.

27. The Old Flag Never Touched the Ground, which depicts the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry Regiment at the attack on Fort Wagner, South Carolina, on July 18, 1863.

28. Election of 1864
1856
1860
1864

29. Four More Years!

30. TOTAL WAR
Lincoln
Grant
Sherman
After defeating McClellan, Lincoln was no longer bound by political considerations.

31. Lee vs. Grant
Virginia
WAR OF ATTRITION

32. Gen. William T. Sherman (USA)
Sherman’s March
Gen. William T. Sherman (USA)

33. Sherman’s March

34. Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address
March 4, 1865
Compare to First Inaugural

35. Appomattox Court House
April 12, 1865
Lee Surrenders to Grant

36. Richmond, 1865