1. Postsecondary Access and Success for Immigrant Youth: Lessons from Five States Sarah Hooker, Migration Policy Institute Council of the Great City Schools Bilingual, Immigrant, and Refugee Educators Directors Meeting May 17, 2013

2. About the National Center on Immigrant Integration Policy (NCIIP) NCIIP’s Key Areas of Focus Include: –Education: Early Childhood K-12 Education and English Language Learner (ELL) Policy Adult Education Postsecondary –Employment and Workforce –Language Access –State/ Local Immigration Regulation –Integration Governance www.migrationpolicy.org/integration © 2013 Migration Policy Institute

3. Needs, Barriers and Pathways: Preparing Immigrant Youth for the Workforce A scope of work supported by the Gates Foundation-- analyzing the ways in which the nation’s work- preparing institutions (community colleges, school districts, job-training programs, and adult education) could be improved to lead to educational and economic success for immigrant youth Ages 16-26 First generation (born abroad) Second generation (born in the US to immigrant parents) 5 states: CA, FL, GA, NY, WA © 2013 Migration Policy Institute

4. Immigrant-Origin Youth as Share of All Youth: in the US and 5 States, 2010* © 2013 Migration Policy Institute Source: MPI analysis of pooled 2008-2010 Current Population Survey. Source: MPI analysis of pooled 2009-2011 Current Population Survey. Percent

5. Educational Attainment for Youth Ages 21-26 © 2013 Migration Policy Institute Source: MPI analysis of pooled 2009-2011 Current Population Survey.

6. Diverse Characteristics of 1 st and 2 nd -Generation Youth English Language Learners (ELLs) Newcomers Students with Interrupted Formal Education (SIFE) Long-term ELLs Former ELLs/ reclassified students Refugees Migrant Students Undocumented Youth © 2013 Migration Policy Institute

7. Challenges and Solutions One-Size-Fits-All Models for a Diverse Population Data Capacity and Definitions of ELL Subgroups - CA: Long-Term ELL legislation - NYC: Definition and assessment of SIFE Differentiated Programs and Supports - Seattle World School - LAUSD ELL Master Plan: new models for LT ELLs - NYC: Language Allocation Policies Remaining Challenges: - Scale; resource constraints © 2013 Migration Policy Institute

8. Challenges and Solutions Teacher Training and Credentialing Teacher preparation and pre-service requirements Opportunities for content-area teachers to earn ESL/ bilingual credentials Whole-school and whole-district approaches to teacher and administrator PD Remaining Challenges: - Competing priorities - Limited resources © 2013 Migration Policy Institute

9. Challenges and Solutions Time Constraints and Graduation Requirements Expanded Learning Time Awarding Credit for Native Language Proficiency Extended Graduation Plans Remaining Challenges: - Cuts to learning time: particularly affect ELLs - State policies on native language instruction/ assessment - Alternative high schools often lack ELL support © 2013 Migration Policy Institute

10. Challenges and Solutions Low ELL Participation in College/ Career-Prep Remove language proficiency & cost barriers to dual enrollment/ early college HS Integrate ESL and applied CTE instruction Bilingual counseling, mentoring; college visits Remaining Challenges - Resource constraints; limited college partnerships - Capacity-building - Legal immigration status © 2013 Migration Policy Institute

11. Looking Ahead: Levers for Change Common Core/ Next Generation Standards Requires stronger focus on academic language - Keep ELLs at center of implementation efforts Prospects for Immigration Reform New incentives for school persistence, dropout recovery, and postsecondary enrollment - Added urgency of building college-readiness for ELLs to take advantage of DREAM Act - Added fuel for state-level battles for tuition equity; state financial aid - Work opportunities for DACA youth © 2013 Migration Policy Institute

12. For More Information Sarah Hooker Policy Analyst Migration Policy Institute shooker@migrationpolicy.org Margie McHugh Co-Director MPI National Center on Immigrant Integration Policy (NCIIP) mmchugh@migrationpolicy.org www.migrationpolicy.org www.migrationpolicy.org/integration © 2013 Migration Policy Institute Michael Fix MPI Senior Vice President Co-Director of NCIIP Migration Policy Institute mfix@migrationpolicy.org