1. EAB Update Lee Townsend Extension Entomologist

2. Agenda Identification and Impact Current status Control options – Homeowner & Commercial applicator Biological control General information and questions

4. EAB calendar Feeding June - October Inactive October - April Adults mid-May – July Adults out mid-May Pupa April - May

5. Larvae feed under bark June – October; disrupt transport of water, nutrients, carbohydrates Healthy trees killed within 2-3 years of first symptoms

6. Emerald ash borer in KY Emerald ash borer - KY http://pest.ca.uky.edu/EXT/EAB/welcome.html EAB info - US http://www.emeraldashborer.info/

7. 12 counties > 5 mill ash stems 54 counties > 2 mill

8. 2012 EAB Risk Map Red = infested Brown = high Orange = medium Yellow = low

9. EAB Survey 2012 – 1,700 traps YearTrapsPositive Counties # Beetles 20083,06500 20095,66510200 20106,0009182 20116,82511219

10. New 2011 Anderson Bracken Boyle Garrard Hardin Scott Woodford

11. Anderson, Franklin, Henry, Owen, Shelby, Woodford

12. Boone, Kenton, Campbell

13. Greenup - Boyd

14. Boyle - Garrard

15. Fayette - Jessamine

16. Hardin

17. Jefferson – Oldham

18. 2012 Adult emergence 1 st emergence mid- May 450 to 500 dd base 50 Peak June – July about 750 dd

19. 70 to 140 dd ahead for 2012

20. Ohio State Recommendations Imidacloprid when EAB first found – within 15 mi high risk – in quarantine zone – low to moderate risk Use Tree-äge when EAB pressure increases Use high rate of Tree-äge at infestation peak Monitor and treat as needed after peak infestation

21. Treatment Options Systemic Soil Injections / Drenches: – Imidacloprid (e.g. Merit, Xytect, Bayer Advanced Tree & Shrub 12 Month Insect Control) – Dinotefuran Systemic Trunk Injections: – Imidacloprid (IMA-jet, Imicide) – Emamectin benzoate (TREE-äge) Systemic Trunk Sprays: – Dinotefuron (Safari) Bark and canopy sprays: Astro, Onyx

22. Realistic Expectations Insecticides can protect ash trees from EAB; success is not guaranteed Insecticides are not effective in eradicating infestations

23. Homeowner options 12 mo Tree & Shrub (imidacloprid) 12 mo Tree & Shrub (dinetofuran) Ace Caps (acephate)

24. Imidacloprid (12 month products) ProductRate/ in$/inch Tree & Shrub (1.47%) quart 1 fl oz$0.60 ($.20 dia) Protect & Feed (1.47%) quart 1 fl oz$0.71 Landscape Formula (2.94%) gal 0.5 fl oz$0.53 Granular Tree & Shrub + Fertilizer (1.1%) 0.25 cup?

25. Dinotefuran (Safari) Green Light Emerald Ash Borer Killer (2% G) Tree & Shrub Insect Control with Safari 1/2 to 2/3 cup per inch of tree diameter Apply early to mid-May $5.33/lb $5.70/lb

26. Acecap 3/8” Insecticide Implants 5 per pack $9.50 -

27. Arborists / Commercial Applicators

28. Imidacloprid (Group 4) Drench, soil injection, trunk injection Merit, Xytect, etc.

29. Safari 20 SG Insecticide (dinotefuran) (Group 4) Trunk spray – 12 to 24 oz/gal Use 1 gal per 40” to 50” trunk dbh 1 – 4 weeks for uptake Spray from root flare to 4’ to 5’ above ground Low pressure - 10 to 20 psi Do not apply to wet bark or within 12 hrs of rain

30. Safari 20 SG Insecticide $390 / 3 lb container Low rate = $2.48/ in circumference High rate = $3.10 /in circumference

31. Tree-äge Emamectin benzoate Restricted Use – Acute human toxicity $559/liter $399 injector Cordless drill $3.15/ inch circumference 3 yrs with high rate

32. Professional Use Products Soil injection / DrenchApplication Imidacloprid MeritApril to May Trunk injection ImidaclopridIMA-jet ArborjetMay to June Imicide MaugetMay to June Pointer WedgleMay to June BidrinInjecticide- B MaugetMay to June Emamectin Tree-age ArbojetMay benzoate Trunk Spray **DinotefuranSafari + PentraBarkApril to May

33. Professional Use Products Preventive Bark & Foliage Cover Sprays bifenthrin Onyx carbarylSevin cyfluthrinTempo permethrinAstro 2x at 4-week intervals – 1 st application at black locust bloom

34. Trunk Injections Absorbed more quickly than drench Large trees > 12” dbh Where drenches are not practical – near water, etc. Potentially injure trunk, especially if repeated

35. Summary Insecticides can offer protection against EAB Success not assured – annual treatments may be needed Factors in successful treatment not understood yet Inventory ash – set priorities

36. 1 CEU – Cat 10 Email your license number to me today Lee.Townsend@uky.edu

37. Importing natural enemies

38. Spathius agrili Attacks EAB larvae – detects infested trees, injects egg into EAB larva Affects up to 90% of EAB larvae in Chinese trees 3 to 4 generations per year Winter as pupae under bark

39. Tertastichus plannipennisi Attacks EAB larvae – detects infested trees, injects egg into EAB larva 50% success rate Up to 127 adults per EAB larva Winter as larvae under bark

40. Oobius agrili Attacks EAB egg At least 4 generations per year 60% success rate Up to 62 eggs/wasp Winter as larvae in egg

41. Importing natural enemies Environmental impact Are they specific to intended host? Can they be reared successfully for mass release? Is our climate suitable?

42. What does the future hold? Will North American ash will follow the model of Dutch elm disease - individual trees have reduced life span but are able to reproduce OR American chestnut - individual trees die before they can reproduce OR something entirely different

43. Factoids Ash in sunny, open conditions preferred over shaded locations within canopies Blue ash appears to be less attractive than green or white but is attacked as other ash species die Stressed ash trees may be preferred but once EAB is abundant healthy trees are attacked, too 1.5” diameter to mature trees

44. EAB Hosts Only infests ash (Fraxinus) in the US EAB or “a closely related beetle” in Asian attacks species of elm, walnut, and Pterocarya (wingnut) Green ash appears to decline more rapidly that white ash under similar conditions

45. Dispersal Unassisted rate in Michigan appears to have been about 6 mi/year (0.6 mi/yr cited, too) On edges – EAB galleries up to 800 yds from potential source BUT most within 100 – 200 yds 1.7 mi average by mated female

46. Eggs 50 to 90 eggs / female In bark crevices Hatch in about 2 weeks Rough bark

47. Alternate hosts Given no alternative, female EAB will lay eggs on alternate species “Ovipositional mistakes” do occur in the field but appear to be rare Privet appears to be a suitable host for small EAB larvae

48. Recommendations change, keep fishing for new information …

49. Don’t believe everything you read

50. Don’t wait too late to ask for help

51. EAB Biology Lee Townsend Extension Entomologist

52. Saplings may die after 1 year of attack Large ash trees may die within 3 to 4 years of initial infestation

53. Adult feeding Adults live 3 to 6 weeks Edge feeding on foliage

54. Foliage feeding 5 to 7 days before mating 5 to 7 days after mating

55. Egg-laying choices (lab)

56. Larva Up to 1 inch long Feed in phloem and cambium Finished by October

57. Larvae Serpentine galleries in phloem and cambium Extensive damage to water- conducting tissue Packed with frass Old wood New wood

58. Pupate – mid-April 2 to 3 weeks from start of pupation to and adult