1. A suite of proven, farmer- and system-specific legume-based options for system intensification Output 2: Progress

2. 1. Participatory action research to quantify how to optimize the productivity of the identified legume options with maximal short- term benefits to farming systems and livelihoods 2. Ex-ante assessment of the longer-term sustainability dimensions of interventions studied in Activity 2.1. 3. Compilation of best-fit legume interventions and the required conditions to make these effective along the G x E x M framework 4. Facilitation of degree-related capacity building activities Project planned activities

3. Planned sequence 1. Definition of entry themes in output 1: based on farm characterization 2. Identification of entry points (taking into account the diversity: e.g. typologies 3. Identification of legume options responding to entry points 4. Participatory research for legume options Timeframe did not allow definition of entry themes before season

4. MayJuneJulyAugustSeptOctNovDec Review of entry themes emerging from output 1 ( Country teams ) Anticipate needs for seeds and source of seeds (IITA/country teams) Discuss entry points in FGD to identify best bet, involve students (Country teams) Implement protocols ( country teams ) Develop structure for database to capture trial performance to feed into GxExM activities in output 3 (IITA/country teams) Develop research protocols format (IITA /country teams) Develop questions for farm system characterization that will feed LegumeChoice tool (Alan ) Organize expert meeting to develop prototype tool (Alan) Legume entry theme identification ( country teams ) Introduce LegumeChoice at next R4D platform meetings in DRC, Kenya, Ethiopia (country teams ) Engagement of partners country teams Output 2 activities Output 4 activities Output3 activities

5. Components Typologies (diversity: land, income) Legume types Functions Niches (space and time)

6. 1. The major guiding principle for interventions is to look at farmers need and the function of the legumes. 2. Trials are based on integration of typologies (diversity: land size, livestock, cash, degradation), niches (place, time, degradation), and legumes types (functions). 3. Trials will be a combination of demonstration and extended farm trials 4. Experimental unit = spot of farm managed by a household 5. The demonstrations are to expose farmers to proven best fit technologies but not to evaluate technologies. The objective is to show the risk associated with not using the technologies being demonstrated. Things to consider

7. 6. The demonstrations could have the following aspects: a.Addressing soil degradation b.Cropping system c.Hedgerows d.Input use 7. We need to have a suite of options within the experimental unit, then farmer can choose what fits best 8. The demonstrations will not be the same for all farmers within an implementation site/area

8. 9. Planning for seeds/nurseries: a.The choice of legume species for seeds, take into account the functions of legumes in response to the niches. b.If there are many legumes satisfying the functions with similar conditions of seed availability, plan for the maximum of them.

9. Progress Field activities were based on constraints identified during FGD Erosion Diseases : major legume is common beans Land scarcity DRC Disease tolerant bean variety Possible diversification with Soybean Improved intercropping legumes with cassava: cassava is a major crop. Intercropping allow production of both crop on limited plot.

10. Progress Field activities were based on constraints identified during FGD Erosion Diseases : major legume is common beans Land scarcity DRC Disease tolerant bean variety Possible diversification with Soybean Improved intercropping legumes with cassava: cassava is a major crop. Intercropping allow production of both crop on limited plot. Calliandra to control erosion, benefit as fodder though no much livestock Leucaena: another option

11. Other potential legumes proposed Category of legumeName of legume Require nursery (yes or no) Seed available locally (yes or no) Fodder tree/shrubLeucaena leucocephalayesRAB Calliandra calothyrusyesRAB cacianoRAB Annual fodderAlfalfa MedicagonoRAB HerbaceousDesmodium incinatumnoRAB Lablab purpureusnoRAB mucunanoRAB

12. Diseases : major legume is common bean Root rot Kenya Disease tolerant bean variety Calliandra, gliricidia, leucaena trichandra Tree species:

13. Other considered legumes for 2015 season Category of legumeName of legume Require nursery (yes or no) Seed available locally (yes or no) Fodder tree/shrubCaliandrayes leuceanayes sesbaniayes Tephrosiayes Albiziano(Not sure) Annual fodderDesmodium silver whitenoyes Desmodium green leafnoyes HerbaceousMucunanoyes Crotalarianoyes Dolichos lablabnoyes

14. Lack of improved varieties Pest and diseases Ethiopia Short duration haricot bean variety

15. Nassir Local Haricot bean variety demonstration

16. Other considered legumes for 2015 season Category of legumeName of legume Require nursery (yes or no) Seed available locally (yes or no) Fodder tree/shrubPigeon peayes Leaucaena pallida-yes Annual fodderLablab purpureusnoyes Cow peanoyes HerbaceousAlfalfano Desmodiumno Siratrono Trifoliumno

17. Integrate the proposed options to the current version of LegumeChoice tool and come up with more plausible legume types/species taking into account the desired functions. Identify the best bet interventions to fulfill the functions including management practices. Simplied trials Integrate in HT Next step

18. Output 2: Progress 2. Ex-ante assessment of the longer-term sustainability dimensions of interventions studied in Activity 2.1. Part of the student modeling project 3. Compilation of best-fit legume interventions and the required conditions to make these effective along the G x E x M framework 4. Facilitation of degree-related capacity building activities update from next sections on students