1. Moving Toward Nationhood
Chapter 4
Section 3

2. A Clash of Views
English colonist had different views on important issues than those of English government.
The English government believed that Parliament represented all its citizens including the colonist.
The colonist thought that only their own representatives represented them.

3. A Clash of Views
Colonist could not vote for members of Parliament and none were members of Parliament.
The English government and the colonist also had opposing views on colonial trade.
Parliament permitted the colonies only to trade with England and the Colonist wanted the freedom to sell their products to any other country.

4. A Clash of Views
Aside their differences many colonist were still very loyal to England.
During the French and Indian War in 1763 many loyal colonist help the British.
Parliament began to face a huge debts so in order to make more money Parliament began to tax the colonists.

5. A Clash of Views
The colonist began to protest that they should not be made to pay taxes unless their own representatives approved these new taxes before.
The also believed that there should be no taxation without representation was the same as what?

6. A Clash of Views What did the colonist cry?
What did Parliament do to make the colonist pay taxes?
The colonists accused of breaking tax laws were thrown in jail.
Parliament ignored al the colonist protests.
Why did Parliament ignore the colonists?

7. A Clash of Views
How did colonist spread news about how England was violating colonists’ rights?
Eventually, many colonies saw the need to unite in order to respond to Parliament. They called for what?
In 1774, delegates from the 12 different colonies met in Philadelphia for the ________?

8. A Clash of Views
The delegates hoped to convince the English government to respect the colonists’ rights.
How did the colonists threat England?
Did the situation get any better or worse?

9. A Clash of Views
By the Second Continental Congress in 1775 colonists were already fighting English soldiers in Massachusetts.
A delegate Patrick Henry argued for independence. What did he say?
What were the colonist scared of?
Who changed the minds of the colonists?

10. The Declaration of Independence
Finally, during the Second Continental Congress the delegates voted for independence.
Who among the delegates?
What did these colonists write?
What did the signers pledge?
When and where was this document adopted?
What did this document claim?

11. Organizing a New Government
After their the Declaration of Independence each state now had to create a constitution or a plan of government.
These constitutions set up the states government and many listed the rights their citizen’s had.
To protect against tyranny what did the colonists do?

12. Organizing a New Government
Who’s idea did the colonist’s use? What was his idea?
Which of the branches was given the most power? Why?
The states were all united in opposing England but they were 13 separate governments.

13. Organizing a New Government
During the American Revolution against England the delegates creating a government.
They were fearful of recreating a King and Parliament position and of giving the central government too much power.
The states also disagreed on how many representatives each state should have.

14. Organizing a New Government
Large states like Virginia wanted the number of representatives to be based on population.
Smaller states like Rhode Island feared that large states would then have too much power. They agreed that each state should have the same number of votes.

15. Organizing a New Government
What was the document that the Second Continental Congress wrote up in 1777?
In this document each state received one vote. There would be not executive or judicial branches of government. Why? What did they fear?

16. Organizing a New Government
What was the national legislature known as?
What can they do?
What can they not do?
Where did most of the power remain?
Before the Articles of Confederation could be approved it needed to be_____.

17. Organizing a New Government
It took four years before all the 13 states approved/ratified the Articles of Confederation. (They were fearful of central government).
The Articles of Confederation was ratified on 1781.

18. A Limping Government
After the Revolutionary war America was bruised and entering economic struggles.
Congress and the states had borrowed large amounts of money to buy war supplies.
The problems was that they now did not have the money to pay their debt back not did they have silver to back their new printed money.

19. A Limping Government
Another problem was that the new Congress had no power to regulate trade with England.
Most of the items Americans used were bought from the English because it was cheaper.
American merchants could not compete with English merchants by selling as cheap as they did.

20. A Limping Government
England also did not allow Americans to trade with other English colonies in the British West Indies a very important market.
Many settlers fell into debt because they could not sell their crops to the Caribbean colonies.

21. A Limping Government
In Massachusetts faced another problem. In order to pay off their debt Massachusetts raised taxes on the lands. Many farmers faced losing their farms.
Courts threatened to take and sell farmers lands to pay off the debts.

22. A Limping Government
In 1786, hundreds of angry Massachusetts farmers lead by Daniel Shay stormed into the courthouses to disrupt court proceedings. At the time Congress did not have the power to make other states help stop the rebellion.
Massachusetts had to use its own militia to stop the rebellion.
Many Americans when they heard of the rebellion called for a stronger national government that would keep law an order and solve the economic problems.

23. A Limping Government
George Washington thought that the Articles of Confederation had weakened Congress- it could not keep order, raise money through taxes, or deal with other nations.