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3 The Colonies Come of Age 1 2 3 4 England and Its Colonies
CHAPTER 3 The Colonies Come of Age Overview Time Lines 1 England and Its Colonies SECTION 2 The Agricultural South SECTION 3 SECTION The Commercial North 4 The French and Indian War SECTION Chapter Assessment Transparencies
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Michel Guillaume Jean de Crévecoeur, soldier and writer
CHAPTER 3 The Colonies Come of Age HOME “ Here individuals of all nations are melted into a new race whose labors and posterity will one day cause great change in the world.” Michel Guillaume Jean de Crévecoeur, soldier and writer THEMES IN CHAPTER 3 Economic Opportunity Science and Technology Cultural Diversity Women in America
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3 The Colonies Come of Age What do you know?
CHAPTER 3 The Colonies Come of Age HOME What do you know? • What sorts of people lived in the 13 American colonies? • What was the colonists’ attitude toward England? • How did life differ in the North and the South?
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3 Time Line The United States
CHAPTER 3 Time Line HOME The United States 1651 English Parliament passes Navigation Acts. 1682 French explorer LaSalle claims Louisiana for France. 1732 Benjamin Franklin publishes Poor Richard’s Almanack. 1735 Zenger trial establishes freedom of the press. 1739 South Carolina slaves rise up in Stono Rebellion. 1740 Great Awakening begins. 1754 French and Indian War begins. 1763 Treaty of Paris ends French and Indian War. 1764 Parliament passes Sugar Act.
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CHAPTER 3 Time Line HOME The World 1652 Dutch settlers establish Cape Town in South Africa. 1683 Manchus of China conquer island of Formosa (Taiwan). 1688 William and Mary take power in Britain’s Glorious Revolution. 1707 Act of Union unites England and Wales with Scotland to form Great Britain. 1739 In Japan, 84,000 farmers protest heavy taxation. 1763 Treaty of Paris recognizes British control over much of India.
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England and Its Colonies
SECTION 1 England and Its Colonies HOME Learn About mercantilism, the Navigation Acts, and the Glorious Revolution. To Understand the changing economic and political relationships between England and its North American colonies.
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England and Its Colonies
SECTION 1 England and Its Colonies HOME Key Idea England and its North American colonies prosper under a beneficial trade relationship, but tensions emerge as the colonies push for more political and economic freedom.
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England and Its Colonies
SECTION 1 England and Its Colonies HOME Section 1 Assessment SYNTHESIZING What steps did England take to solve its economic and political problems with the colonists? Problem: Keeping the colonies under England’s economic and political control England’s Solutions: 1. In 1651, Parliament passed the Navigation Acts to regulate colonial trade. 2. In 1686, James II merged northern colonies and disbanded their local assemblies. 3. After the Glorious Revolution of 1688, Parliament strengthened the Navigation Acts.
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England and Its Colonies
SECTION 1 England and Its Colonies HOME Section 1 Assessment In 1707, the British mercantilist Nehemiah Grew forecast that the colonies, “forgetting their relation to the mother countries, will then confederate and consider nothing further than the means to support their ambition of standing on their own legs.” Explain why the British did not want this to happen. INTERPRETING the goals of mercantilism what might happen to Great Britain’s economy if Grew’s prediction came true THINK ABOUT
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England and Its Colonies
SECTION 1 England and Its Colonies HOME Section 1 Assessment Britain passed legislation and established policies to control the American colonies but was inconsistent in its enforcement of those policies. Was this approach to governing the colonies effective or ineffective? Why? FORMING AN OPINION the Navigation Acts the policy of salutary neglect the positive and negative outcomes of aggressively enforcing policies THINK ABOUT
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The Agricultural South
SECTION 2 The Agricultural South HOME Learn About how the South became a labor-intensive, agricultural society. To Understand the growth of slavery in the Southern colonies.
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The Agricultural South
SECTION 2 The Agricultural South HOME Key Idea The Southern colonies develop a labor-intensive plantation economy, which leads to a mostly rural society and the growth of slavery.
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The Agricultural South
SECTION 2 The Agricultural South HOME Section 2 Assessment SUMMARIZING What were the five tiers of Southern social order? What kinds of people made up these classes? 1. Planters: controlled the South’s economy, as well as its political and social structure 2. Small Farmers: made up the majority of Southern population 3. Women: had limited legal, political, and social rights 4. Indentured Servants: had virtually no rights while in bondage 5. Slaves: formed economic base of plantation system
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The Agricultural South
SECTION 2 The Agricultural South HOME Section 2 Assessment In what ways do you think the development of the Southern economy and society might have been imbalanced? DRAWING CONCLUSIONS the basis of the South’s economy the types of crops grown the distribution of power in Southern society THINK ABOUT
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The Agricultural South
SECTION 2 The Agricultural South HOME Section 2 Assessment In what ways was slavery a brutal system? Consider the whole of the slave experience. ANALYZING ISSUES
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3 The Commercial North Learn About
SECTION 3 The Commercial North HOME Learn About economic changes in the Northern colonies and intellectual and religious changes in all the colonies. To Understand the beginnings of economic, political, and social differences with England.
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3 The Commercial North Key Idea
SECTION 3 The Commercial North HOME Key Idea The Northern colonies develop an economy fueled by commerce and trade, which leads to a diverse and urban society. There, important religious and intellectual changes occur that effect all the colonies.
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3 The Commercial North 33 Section Assessment
HOME Section 33 Assessment What are some examples that illustrate the diversity found in the economy, population, and religious groups of the Northern colonies? SUMMARIZING Economy Population Religious Groups The Diversity of Northern Colonies several cash crops fisheries, mills, manufacturing English, Germans, Scots-Irish, and other immigrant groups African slaves Anglicans, Roman Catholics, Quakers, Methodists, other Protestant denominations, Jews
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3 The Commercial North 33 Section Assessment
HOME Section 33 Assessment How might a person who believed in the ideas of the Enlightenment have assessed the Salem witchcraft trials? ANALYZING the kinds of evidence presented at the trials the hysteria that gripped the town Enlightenment ideas of careful observation and reasoning THINK ABOUT
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3 The Commercial North 3 Section Assessment
HOME Section 3 Assessment What positive and negative trends that emerged in the Northern colonies during the 1700s still affect the United States today? APPLYING the rise of cities the influx of immigrants the status of women and African Americans the results of the Enlightenment and the Great Awakening THINK ABOUT
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The French and Indian War
SECTION 4 The French and Indian War HOME Learn About the British victory over France in North America. To Understand the growing tensions between Great Britain and its colonies.
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The French and Indian War
SECTION 4 The French and Indian War HOME Key Idea The British and their colonists defeat the French in North America, enlarging Great Britain’s New World empire and causing new British-colonial friction.
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The French and Indian War
SECTION 4 The French and Indian War HOME Section 4 Assessment What were some of the major events of the French and Indian War and its aftermath? SUMMARIZING 1763 End of French and Indian War Colonists’ expansion halted with the Proclamation of 1763 Britain’s postwar financial crisis Appointment of George Grenville as prime minister 1754 Outbreak of French and Indian War 1759 British triumph at Quebec 1764 Passage of the Sugar Act
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The French and Indian War
SECTION 4 The French and Indian War HOME Section 4 Assessment If you had been a Native American living in the Northeast during the French and Indian War, would you have formed a military alliance with France or Great Britain? MAKING DECISIONS Native Americans’ past relations with France and Britain the goals of France and Britain in North America what Native Americans might have gained or lost as a result of a victory by either nation THINK ABOUT
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The French and Indian War
SECTION 4 The French and Indian War HOME Section 4 Assessment What if the outcome of the war had been different and France had won? How might this have affected the 13 colonies? HYPOTHESIZING the actual outcome of the Treaty of Paris France’s patterns of colonization France’s relations with Native Americans THINK ABOUT
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3 Chapter Assessment HOME 1. What was a nation’s ultimate goal under mercantilism and how did Great Britain strive to achieve this goal? 2. Why was the Dominion of New England formed and what caused its collapse? 3. Why did plantations develop instead of towns in most parts of the South? 4. What were the status and ways of life of women in the Southern colonies? 5. Cite examples of both nonviolent and violent resistance to slavery in the South.
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3 Chapter Assessment HOME 6. Briefly describe the diverse agricultural and commercial economies that developed in New England and the Middle colonies. 7. How were the philosophical ideas of the Enlightenment expressed in the American colonies? 8. Which of the following groups—the English, the French, or the Spanish—had developed the best relations with Native Americans? Why? 9. Briefly explain why Great Britain won the French and Indian War. 10. What were the provisions of the Sugar Act? Why did it anger many colonial merchants?
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