2. ESSENTIAL QUESTION: What hardships did the English endure in establishing England’s first colony in North America? MAIN IDEA: The first permanent English settlement in North America was founded at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607 WHY IT MATTERS NOW: English colonies in Virginia developed into the present states of the U.S. BIG IDEAS

3. “Vincere est vivere” Solider, Sea Captain, and Poet 1606 approaches the Virginia Company about assisting them in the start of an English colony in the Americas. JOHN SMITH

4. Joint-stock companies: allowed investors to pool their money to support a colony in hopes of it producing a profit. Smith is sent to help begin a colony on the shores of Eastern North America The Virginia Company sends 3 Ships: Susan Constant, Discovery, Gospel with 150 passengers in hopes of success. In April of 1607 Jamestown is settled and names in honor of King James THE BUSINESS OF COLONIZATION

5. Men were unaccustomed to hard labor and focused on making money Disease and hunger devastate the colony, by the first winter only 38 men remained—John Smith took control and said those who don’t work wont eat. The local Powhatan befriended Smith and helps the colonist to survive. Smith was injured towards the end winter and was forced to return to England. Spring of 1609 600 new colonist arrive; by the winter of 1610 conditions would be worse and only 60 of the 600 would survive. The colonists decide to flee and are stopped by a 3 rd arriving ship STRUGGLE FOR SURVIVIAL

6. New leadership forces colonists to work with punishments of flogging and hanging Tabaco or “brown gold” is discovered to thrive in the region when John Rolfe mixes Brazilian Tabaco with a local plant this crop would yield 1.5 million pounds per year by the late 1620s. JAMESTOWN SUCCEEDS

7. Headright system: allowed any one who paid for their own or another’s passage to Virginia to receive 50 acres of land. Indentured servants: promised to work on land in exchange for passage to the colony, usually for 7 years. The first African laborers arrive on a Dutch ship in 1619, at first they were treated the same as indentured servants for economic reasons WHO WORKED THE PLANTATIONS ?

8. Learned technique from their conquest of Ireland Uses superior weapons and fighting to drive natives away Colonists forbidden to intermarry Settle and develop land/plantations and economy using indentured servants then slaves. ENGLISH PATTERNS OF CONQUEST