1. D-Lab Design for Human Use

2. Ergonomics Ease of use Ease of maintenance Number of interactions Novelty of interactions Safety

5. Battery Maintenance

7. Design for as many target users as possible

8. Consequences of bad design

9. Ergonomics Ease of use Ease of maintenance Number of interactions Novelty of interactions Safety

11. Micro-Flail Time and Motion Comparison Probing- 2-6 minutes Set up flail – 15 seconds Walk away – 90 seconds Run flail – 10 seconds Walk back – 90 seconds Finish operation – 15 seconds Total ~4 minutes

12. Charcoal Briquette Making Time and Motion Study Total = ~4 hours

13. Briquette Making

14. Original prototype in use

15. Break process into steps 1.Load charcoal 2.Hammer 3.Eject Briquette

16. Define the steps 1.Load charcoal – until hand releases scoop 2.Hammer – until hand releases hammer 3.Eject Briquette –until hand releases pin

17. Time study data (seconds)

18. Time trial data

19. What took so long?

20. Hammering Pick up hammer Pick up piston Insert piston Hammer Remove piston Set down piston Set down hammer

21. New designs No corners in compaction area (no cleaning necessary) Piston hangs in top of tube (don’t remove and set down piston) One handed eject door (don’t set down hammer) Use hammer to open eject door (eliminate the closing pin) Estimated speed = 5 Briquettes per Minute (BPM) (old machine 2 BPM) Alternate design: Two pistons Estimated speed = 5.4 to 6.6 BPM, depending on the loading method. Conclusion: second piston is not worth the added complexity

22. New machine 2.5x faster

23. New machine time breakdown

24. More people 5.5x faster

25. Comparison between machines

26. External: Compare your product to other products to see what the benefits are (or are not). Internal: See if your product is efficient, and identify the best places for improvements. Types of time studies: