1. WasteMINZ 2007 – Hamilton CastleBin Multi Compartment Kerbside Collection Andrew Slack – Project Manager (Contract) - Palmerston North City Council Glen Castle - Easy Workz Design Noel Burgess – IPSCO Ltd

2. Project Team Andrew Slack – Project Manager – TBL Solutions Glen Castle – Castle Bin Design - Easy Workz Noel Burgess – Castle Bin Collection – IPSCO Ltd

3. Agenda Waste Minimisation and Recycling Drivers in Palmerston North Household Recycling Collection Trial CastleBin Design Features CastleBin Collection

4. Part 1 Waste Minimisation and Recycling Collection Drivers in Palmerston North

5. Waste Minimisation Drivers in Palmerston North 1.Closure of Awapuni Landfill on 31 st January 2007 and significant long term increase in waste disposal costs 2.Replacement of City Enterprises (old technology) collection fleet 3.Current manual collection using shopping bags leads to staff injuries and significant litter issues. 4.Waste and recycling services are core services of the Council and a significant weekly interface between Council and household. 5.Opening of Awapuni Recycling Centre and Long Term Partnership with Fullcircle to increase recycling in general 6.Adoption of Waste Minimisation Plan in November 2005 by Council 7.Over 40% of waste deposited into Awapuni was paper and plastics which are key materials in existing recycling collection 8.Separation of glass in kerbside collection

6. Waste Minimisation Plan - 2005 The Palmerston North has a number of goals under its Waste Minimisation Plan 2005: 1.Strategy 1 – Maintain a comprehensive and effective rubbish collection and disposal service 2.Strategy 2 - Increase Recycling 3.Strategy 3 – Establish a Resource Recovery Facility with a community focus 4.Strategy 4 – Provide hazardous waste disposal facilities where possible 5.Strategy 5 – Provide environmental education 6.Strategy 6 – Adopt a disposer pays policy 7.Strategy 7 – Support a waste minimisation levy 8.Strategy 8 – Take a leadership in waste minimisation in the community

7. “Going Greener” Goals 1.Establish recycling industrial park powered by renewable energy. 2.Increase domestic recycling rate from 30% to 50% by 2012 3.Implement Waste Minimisation Plan

8. Key Factors in Kerbside Recycling Collection There are a number of key factors in kerbside recycling collection: 1.Ease of use 2.Health and safety in collection 3.Collection volume, sort time and frequency 4.Cross contamination of material and source separation 5.Environmental factors – wind, rain, animal damage etc. 6.Household acceptance

9. Recycling Trends in New Zealand There are a number of trends in recycling in New Zealand : 1.Move away from waste disposal to resource recovery 2.Move to wheelie bins for collection – Auckland, Christchurch, Timaru South Taranaki etc 3.Long term Council contracts and partnerships with businesses 4.Service levels and costs have increased. 5.Recycling is an area where a Council can make a positive contribution to general environmental awareness.

10. Part 2 Recycling Collection Trial Andrew Slack – TBL Solutions (Contract to Palmerston North City Council)

11. Objectives of Kerbside Recycling Trial Strategy 2 of the WMP has the overall objective of increasing recycling in Palmerston North. One of the main factors driving recycling collection volumes is household acceptance of the kerbside collection system. Consequently the Council has undertaken a series of household acceptance trials. The objective is to select the best overall system for Palmerston North looking at a 10 year life span.

12. Structure of Recycling Trial The sample size was 350 households from a population of 27,500. This sample size is predicted to provide around a 5% margin of error. Each trial area was split into 3. Each trial was run for 12 weeks - 3 weeks on shopping bags (control period) and then 3 weeks on each of 3 new methods Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Shopping Bags 3 Weeks RC WB CB RC WB CB RC 3 Weeks

13. Trial Areas in Palmerston North The following areas were included in the recycling trial: 1.Waterloo Crescent – 120 households 2.Ashhurst – 70 households 3.Maxwells Line – 160 households 4.Total Sample Size = 350 Households 5.The last trial week ended 7 th December 2006

14. Glass Collection Options Single Stream Glass Collection Co-mingled Glass Collection Kerbside Sorting Drop-off Bottle banks Multi Compartment Bin Co-mingled Bin Separate Collection Split Bin Waste & Recycling Recycling Collection Options – Glass Focus GLASS IS DIFFERENT – IT DOES NOT LIKE COMPACTION OR EXCESSIVE HANDLING High Quality Glass – Mix, Compact and Break (30%) – Expensive Sorting – Low Quality Glass

15. Multi Criteria Analysis Recycling Collection Multi-Criteria Analysis 1.Environmental Factors 2.Community Factors 3.Economic Factors Environmental Factors 1.Recycling Volumes 2.Glass Recovery Rates 3.Pest and /Wind Control Community Factors 1.Convenience and ease of handling 2.Litter Control 3.Health and Safety (Collection and Household) Economic Factors 1.Overall capital investment 2.On-going operating costs 3.Relative Collection Cost 4.Relative Sorting/Processing Cost 5.Glass Cross Contamination 6.System Wear and Tear MORE THAN LOWEST SHORT TERM CONTRACT COST The Palmerston North City Council has used a multi-criteria analysis to determine that a separate glass collection using bottle banks and/or bins is the best long term solution for glass collection.

16. Recycling Methods 4 kerbside recycling methods were trialed: 1.Shopping Bags (weekly) 2.2 x Recycling Crates (weekly) 3.240litre Standard Wheelie Bin 4.240litre Castle (Multi Compartment) Wheelie Bin

17. Shopping Bags – Current System Current system Nearly phased out in NZ Weekly manual system with health and safety issues City Enterprises trucks need significant re-investment Not much scope to increase volumes Time for change?

18. Recycling Crates – Most Common in NZ Most common system in New Zealand Trend is to replace with commingled wheelie Bins Weekly Collection Volume is limited Material is sorted on street with health and safety issues

19. Wheelie Bin – Rising Trend in NZ Most common system worldwide Move to wheelie bin in NZ – Auckland, Christchurch, Timaru etc High penetration already in Palmerston North ($200 plus per week) Flexible and automated pick-up Fortnightly Leads to increased participation and volumes due to convenience Has problem of cross (particularly glass) contamination

20. Castle Bin – Prototype Invented in Palmerston North Invented in Palmerston North by Glen Castle and PNCC recycling team All advantages of standard wheelie bin system Additional advantage of source separation and reduced post-processing costs

21. Questionnaire Format Current recycling behavior? Current wheelie bin use? Do the new methods increase recycling? System preference - user-friendly - mobility - tidiness Comments

22. Trial Results Households Strongly Prefer Wheelie Bins for Recycling 90% households prefer either the Castle Bin or Standard Wheelie Bin for recycling

23. Results – Household Questionnaire 50% said a new system would increase their recycling 10% of participants were completely new recyclers 30% used a wheelie bin in some way and 12% had a green waste bin only

24. Results – Household Questionnaire There was very low support (2%) for the current shopping bag system and crate system (9%). There was considerable enthusiasm for change The householders wanted a tidy system protected from the environment Households like convenience of wheelie bins There were quite a few serious fans of the CastleBin

25. 60% (Waterloo Crescent) to 80% (Maxwells Line) increase in recycling weights Trial Results Recycling volumes from alternative recycling systems are increased

26. Trial Results Relative sort time was 50% less for CastleBin

27. Trial Results Residual waste was 50% less for the CastleBin

28. 60% (Waterloo Crescent) to 80% (Maxwells Line) increase in recycling weights Trial Results Recycling volumes from alternative recycling systems are increased

29. Castle Bin – Preferred Method (by Households) “The multi-bin was very easy to use and the street looked so much tidier on collection day. I went from two rubbish bags each week down to one which I assume meant I was recycling more” “The multi-bin was more user friendly than the wheelie bin…” “…the multi bin would probably make life easier as items are already separated” “…Our family really liked the separate compartments of the multi bin. It’s a winner!!” “I consider the multi bin to be the most economical as sorting will have generally been done by each household…” “Multi bin was by far the best. Its easier for the recycling people as well” “Loved the multi bin”

30. Dedicated Recyclers (30%) Possible Recyclers (40%) Unlikely and Never (30%) Shopping Bags New Recycling Collection System Castle Bin – Preferred Method (by Households) The ease of use of MWB systems allows the recovery from the 40% possible recyclers to increase Palmerston North has a goal to increase recycling to around 50% (compared to waste by weight) by 2012

31. Part 3 CastleBin Multi Compartment Recycling Collection Glen Castle – Easy Workz

32. CastleBin Summary The CastleBin is a New Zealand invention. It has an international patent for the bottom compartment. Glass is collected in the bottom and kept in a separate non compacting compartment in the split truck. The rest of the material is collected mixed and kept in a high compaction compartment in the split truck

33. CastleBin – Large Fortnightly Capacity 12 Wine bottles 24 Beer bottles 12 Steel Cans 12 Aluminium 24 Large Plastic bottles (uncrushed) 6 Bags Paper And Cardboard Large Cardboard remains loose 12 Wine bottles 24 Beer bottles 12 Steel Cans 12 Aluminium 24 Large Plastic bottles (uncrushed) 6 Bags Paper And Cardboard Large Cardboard remains loose

34. CastleBin Integrated System Integrated Dual Compartment Bin and Truck and processing 170 Litres Paper Cardboard Plastics Metals 70 Litres Glass Only 80% - 200 kg/m3 plus Compaction Paper Cardboard Plastics Metals 20% Non Compacted – Glass Only

35. Castle Bin Injection Moulding It is feasible to injection mould the CastleBin Probably made in China It will have RSID

36. Part 4 CastleBin Multi Compartment Recycling Collection Truck Noel Burgess – IPSCO Ltd

37. CastleBin Collection Vehicle - IPSCO Noel Burgess Design brief One man operation Maximise collection logistics Reduce Health & Safety risks Dual compartment body Automated lifter operation Absolutely NO cross contamination of product

38. CastleBin Collection Vehicle - IPSCO One man operation  Dual control vehicle  In-cab controls Maximise collection logistics  4x2 vehicle configuration  Maximum body capacity  Efficient lifter cycle  Full pack compactor system  Full eject discharge system  Minimum tare weight

39. CastleBin Collection vehicle - IPSCO Dual compartment body  Split matches CastleBin  Glass on bottom with internal taildoor  Co-mingle material on top – includes volume of external taildoor  Full compact\ejector system in top compartment  Sweep function with full eject in bottom compartment Lifter Operation  Multi axis Joystick control  Horizontal slide  Single cylinder vertical rotation  150 degree rotation to invert CastleBin into body

40. CastleBin Collection Vehicle - IPSCO No Cross contamination  CastleBin remains vertical (upright) until the “top” of the cycle âNo content spill  As the CastleBin is rotated, to discharge, a “Chute” is rotated out from the bottom compartment  Bottom compartment of the CastleBin has completely discharged before the top section starts (to discharge)

41. CastleBin Collection Vehicle - IPSCO Reduce Health & Safety risks  No kerbside sorting  Minimal handling of CastleBin by operator  Multi camera CCTV system allowing the operator views âDown RHS of vehicle (when operated from LHS) âRear view  Operator exits onto verge not into traffic  Body does not “tip” to discharge  External “audible alarms” for lifter operation, taildoor operation, reversing

42. For more information contact: Andrew Slack TBL Solutions Ph 021 267 1788 andrew.slack@tblsolutions.c.nz or andrew.slack@pncc.govt.nz