1. HANAHAN, SOUTH CAROLINA JONATHAN STALEY TIMOTHY McMAHON

2. THE PROBLEM In 1975 a massive leak of kerosene based jet fuel 80,000 gallons was released from the military fuel storage facility The spill was contained but some soaked into the soil and into the underlying water table Soon ground water was leaching toxic chemicals and carrying them toward a nearby residential area

3. By 1985 contamination had reached the residential area Removing the contaminated soil was technically impractical Removing the contaminated ground water did not address the source One possible solution was BIOREMEDIATION

4. WHAT IS BIOREMEDIATION? Natural Process Facilitate the clean up of biodegradable contaminants Naturally occurring gluttonous microbes Microbes break up the carbon chains Carbon dioxide and water are left behind as waste products.

6. The theory was put into practice in 1992 Nutrients were delivered and contaminated water was removed by a series of extraction wells By the end of 1993 contamination in the residential area had been reduced by 75% Bioremediation had worked!

7. THE PROS Carried out in-situ, does not incur removal-disposal costs Natural process Minimises site disturbance, post cleanup costs substantially reduced Techniques can be combined THE CONS Much still to learn about interaction with different hydrologic environments Difficult when there are multiple contaminations Can take longer than other methods Requires monitoring