1. University of Buffalo, SUNY 2005 SAE Clean Snowmobile Challenge

2. Project Goals Create a more environmentally conscious snowmobile than a typical touring sled Create a more environmentally conscious snowmobile than a typical touring sled –Lower emissions –Less noise –Better fuel economy –Comparable performance

3. Emissions Control Engine Engine –Honda Silver Wing 600 Scooter –582cc parallel twin Catalyst Catalyst –Lubrizol three-way Fuel management Fuel management –Bosch Motronic

4. Clean Engine Four stroke engine Four stroke engine E-10 fuel blend E-10 fuel blend Fuel injected Fuel injected Meets CARB emissions standards Meets CARB emissions standards

5. Engine Emissions

6. Catalyst Three-way catalyst Three-way catalyst Converts HC, CO, NO x into H 2 O, CO 2, and N 2 Converts HC, CO, NO x into H 2 O, CO 2, and N 2 High cell density High cell density

7. Engine Management System Bosch Motronic fuel injection system Bosch Motronic fuel injection system Alpha-n style controller (TPS/RPM dependent Maps) Alpha-n style controller (TPS/RPM dependent Maps) Mature Cold Start Routines Mature Cold Start Routines Programmed for Lean Combustion Programmed for Lean Combustion

8. Noise Control Engine Engine Exhaust Exhaust Noise reduction materials Noise reduction materials Track Track

9. Quiet Engine Dual counterbalanced shafts Dual counterbalanced shafts Vibration isolating mounts Vibration isolating mounts

10. Muffler From scooter From scooter Broadband attenuator Broadband attenuator Modification for backpressure reduction Modification for backpressure reduction Fiberglass wrapped perforated section Fiberglass wrapped perforated section

11. Materials PDP PDP Hushcloth Melamine Foam Hushcloth Melamine Foam VE VE Millennium Plastic Millennium Plastic

12. Track Camoplast Camoplast Designed to be quieter than stock track Designed to be quieter than stock track –40% softer tip –20% softer base 1/16” increase of belt thickness 1/16” increase of belt thickness 2.5 dB less than stock track 2.5 dB less than stock track

13. Noise Results

14. Performance Chassis Chassis Turbo Turbo Intercooler Intercooler Clutching Clutching

15. Chassis 2003 Polaris Pro-X 2003 Polaris Pro-X Walker Evans clicker shocks Walker Evans clicker shocks TEAM® Rapid Reaction™ roller driven clutch TEAM® Rapid Reaction™ roller driven clutch Lightweight Lightweight

16. Turbo Garrett GT12 Garrett GT12 Increased Power by 72.5% Increased Power by 72.5% Improved engine efficiency Improved engine efficiency Adjustable boost control Adjustable boost control Liquid cooled Liquid cooled Oil scavenger pump increase reliability allows for proper lubrication Oil scavenger pump increase reliability allows for proper lubrication

17. Intercooler Bell Intercoolers Bell Intercoolers Maintain cold air charge Maintain cold air charge Increased power Increased power Engine longevity Engine longevity Sensor housing Sensor housing

18. Cost effectiveness Overall Cost Overall Cost – $1285.58 over stock –Fuel savings (23 MPG) –$767 Fuel and Oil Savings after 5000 miles Durability Durability –Reduced compression –Four-stroke –Liquid-cooled –Low maintenance turbo Re-sale Re-sale SubsystemSubtotal Induction System $ 566.38 Fuel System $ 18.00 Engine $ 433.20 Exhaust Aftertreatment $ 123.00 Electronics $ 120.00 Noise Treatment $ 25.00 Technology Implementation Total Cost $ 1285.58

19. Summary Emissions reduction results in much lower pollution and overall environmental impact Emissions reduction results in much lower pollution and overall environmental impact Quiet snowmobile disturbs residents and animal populations much less Quiet snowmobile disturbs residents and animal populations much less Turbocharged engine provides plenty of power for aggressive trail riding Turbocharged engine provides plenty of power for aggressive trail riding Sporty chassis and minimal weight addition result in handling characteristics better than an average trail sled Sporty chassis and minimal weight addition result in handling characteristics better than an average trail sled Reasonable price makes it possible for average snowmobilers to enjoy the sport while preserving the environment for future snowmobilers Reasonable price makes it possible for average snowmobilers to enjoy the sport while preserving the environment for future snowmobilers

20. Outfitter Perspective Mostly OEM parts used to maintain high reliability Mostly OEM parts used to maintain high reliability Safe for use by inexperienced riders Safe for use by inexperienced riders Governing with engine management system prevents tampering Governing with engine management system prevents tampering 4 stoke EFI engine uses less fuel and oil 4 stoke EFI engine uses less fuel and oil Our sled will save renters money Our sled will save renters money

21. UB team members Left to Right: Left to Right: Brian Belmont, Dan Bugbee, Kelly McCorry, Dan Sweeney, Steve Battaglia, Eric Peckham, Not Pictured: Robert Bouza and Mike Ide

22. SPONSORS: