1. War of the Roses

2. Battle timeline: 22 May 1455- St Albans 23 Sept 1459 Blore Heath 12 Oct 1459 Ludford Bridge 10 July 1460 Northampton 30 th Dec 1460 Wakefield 2 Feb 1461 Mortimor’s Cross 17 th Feb 1461 Second St Albans 28 March 1461 Ferrybridge 29 March 1461 Towton 25 April 1464 Hedgeley Moor 15 May 1564 Hexham 26 July 1469 Edgecote Moor 12 March 1470 Losecote Field 14 April 1471 Barnet 4 May 1471 Tewkesbury 22 Aug 1485 Bosworth 16 June 1487 Stoke House of Tudor House of York House of Lancaster

3. Royal Timeline House of Lancaster Henry VI 1422-61 House of York Edward IV 1461-70 Henry VI 1470-71 1483-85 Edward IV 1471-83 Edward V 1483 Richard III 1483- 85 House of Tudor Henry VII 1485- 1509

4. 1 st Battle: St Albans First Saint Albans was the opening battle in the Wars of the Roses. Richard of York led a force of about 3,000 on a march toward London. Henry VI moved from London to intercept the Yorkist army. Henry halted his march in the town of Saint Albans and waited. Richard attacked and defeated Henry inflicting about 300 casualties. The Queen and her young son Edward fled into exile.

5. Second St Albans Richard "the Kingmaker" positioned his army at St. Albans located 20 miles northwest of London. Here he waited for Edward's army, victorious at Mortimer's Cross, to join him. Before the Yorkists could link-up, the Lancastrians attacked. Richard fled leaving his hostage, king Henry VI, under a tree

6. bAttle of Tewkesbury The Lancastrian forces, led by the 4th Duke of Somerset, marched toward the Welsh border. Edward IV moved his army towards the border as well in order to intercept the Lancastrians. Edward reached Tewkesbury on May 4 and immediately engaged the enemy. Edward, the Prince of Wales (18 years old), died in battle. Somerset was executed and Queen Margaret was captured.

7. Battle of Bosworth Henry Tudor (Henry VII), earl of Richmond, landed in Wales on August 7, 1485 to challenge Richard III for the crown. Richard moved to meet Henry's army south of the village of Market Bosworth. After the armies engaged,

8. Lord Thomas Stanley and his brother Sir William switched sides and fought for Henry. The Yorkist forces were defeated, Richard was killed, and Henry ushered in the rule of the house of Tudor effectively ending the Wars of the Roses

9. Duke of Gloucest er Lord Hastings Humphre y Bourchier, Lord Cromwell Earl of Oxford Duke of Exeter Earl of Warwick Duke of Clarence Lord Saye and Sele Edward IV Marquess Montague