1. Mar 29 06 1 Substance Abuse Education The Use of Cocaine Mark Ellow PhamD candidate Spring 2006

2. Mar 29 062 Purpose of this presentation… To inform the reader of the important facts about cocaine. To inform the reader of the important facts about cocaine. How cocaine,no matter what for it is in, effects the body. How cocaine,no matter what for it is in, effects the body. The main body systems it targets. The main body systems it targets. Long term affects of cocaine. Long term affects of cocaine. http://www.rowingboatlights.com/logolight.gif

3. Mar 29 063 What is cocaine? Cocaine exists as a white powder. Cocaine exists as a white powder. It comes from the coca plant, but the drug is extracted from the coca leafs. It comes from the coca plant, but the drug is extracted from the coca leafs. img.lenta.ru/.../07/ 15/parliament/picture.jpg

4. Mar 29 064 Another form of Cocaine Cocaine also exists in this less expensive form, crack. Cocaine also exists in this less expensive form, crack. Crack is the transformation from powder cocaine into the pure alkaloid cocaine (1). Crack is the transformation from powder cocaine into the pure alkaloid cocaine (1). It is a rock like structure known for its cracking sound made when heated. It is a rock like structure known for its cracking sound made when heated. upload.wikimedia.org/ wikipedia/commons/thumb/

5. Mar 29 065 Mild effects of cocaine Impaired judgment Impaired judgment Accidental pregnancy Accidental pregnancy Driving on the wrong side of the road Driving on the wrong side of the road Delay in motor skill Delay in motor skill Not able to respond to stimuli Not able to respond to stimuli I.e. an oncoming vehicle I.e. an oncoming vehicle Increase in energy (the rush) Increase in energy (the rush) Socially become non-stressed Socially become non-stressed

6. Mar 29 066 Severe effects of Cocaine (overdosing or close to it) Raise in: Raise in: Body temperature Body temperature Blood pressure Blood pressure Respiratory rate and pulse Respiratory rate and pulse “Seizure-like” symptoms “Seizure-like” symptoms Unconsciousness Unconsciousness Possible death Possible death

7. Mar 29 067 Chronic abuse of cocaine Stoke Stoke Heart attack Heart attack Several system failures in the body (life threatening): Several system failures in the body (life threatening): Cardiac System Cardiac System Respiratory System Respiratory System Central Nervous System (CNS) Central Nervous System (CNS) http://images.encarta.msn.com/xrefmedia/s haremed/targets/images/pho/t012/T012527 B.jpg

8. Mar 29 068 Chronic abuse of cocaine (Effects on the Cardiac System) Chest pain Chest pain Heart attack Heart attack Irregular heart beat Irregular heart beat Very high blood pressure Very high blood pressure www.bio.davidson.edu/.../ Coke%20and%20heart.html

9. Mar 29 069 Chronic abuse of cocaine (Effects on the Respiratory System) Alveolar hemorrhage Alveolar hemorrhage Recurrent pulmonary infiltrates (foreign organisms) Recurrent pulmonary infiltrates (foreign organisms) Pulmonary/vascular abnormalities Pulmonary/vascular abnormalities Decrease in the ability to diffuse carbon monoxide. Decrease in the ability to diffuse carbon monoxide. Asthma patients are at higher risk of having an asthma attack. Asthma patients are at higher risk of having an asthma attack. http://www.womenfitness.net/wfi mgank4/lungs.jpg

10. Mar 29 0610 Chronic abuse of cocaine (Effects on the CNS) Intra cerebral hemorrhage Intra cerebral hemorrhage Migraine-type headache syndromes Migraine-type headache syndromes Seizures Seizures Anterior spinal artery blockages Anterior spinal artery blockages Anxiety Anxiety http://medicalimages.allrefer.com/large/c entral-nervous-system-1.jpg

11. Mar 29 0611 Chronic abuse of cocaine (The Craving) Can be called a psychological dependence. Can be called a psychological dependence. Strong desire to re-experience the effects of a psychoactive drug. Strong desire to re-experience the effects of a psychoactive drug. Craving can take place after a long period of abstinence. Craving can take place after a long period of abstinence. Craving can also decrease after a long period of time. Craving can also decrease after a long period of time.

12. Mar 29 0612 Cocaine Pharmacology Produces an anesthetic effect. Produces an anesthetic effect. Distracts normal brain activity (neurotransmitters) Distracts normal brain activity (neurotransmitters) Metabolized by liver esterases and plasma cholinesterase. Metabolized by liver esterases and plasma cholinesterase. Can be absorbed through the mucosa layers of the: Can be absorbed through the mucosa layers of the: Respiratory tract Respiratory tract Gastrointestinal tract Gastrointestinal tract Genitourinary tract (2) Genitourinary tract (2) http://www.forensicmed.co.uk/cocai n7.gif

13. Mar 29 0613 Routes of Administration Cocaine can be administered (used): Cocaine can be administered (used): Intravenously (injected) Intravenously (injected) Smoked Smoked Snorted (3) Snorted (3)

14. Mar 29 0614 Duration of Time The onset of action of cocaine depends on the dose and route of administration. The onset of action of cocaine depends on the dose and route of administration. When smoking or injecting cocaine: When smoking or injecting cocaine: Onset of action is within seconds. Onset of action is within seconds. Peak at 3-5 minutes (4) Peak at 3-5 minutes (4) When snorting cocaine: When snorting cocaine: Onset of action is within 1-3 minutes Onset of action is within 1-3 minutes Peak at 20-30 minutes (4) Peak at 20-30 minutes (4)

15. Mar 29 0615 Risks of Snorting Cocaine Risk of infection with Hepatitis C Risk of infection with Hepatitis C Due to contaminated snorting straws Due to contaminated snorting straws Impurities in the drug itself (5) Impurities in the drug itself (5) Wearing away of the nasal passages Wearing away of the nasal passages Frequent nose bleeds Frequent nose bleeds http://www.wawnews.com /pictures/cocaine.jpg

16. Mar 29 0616 Risks of Smoking Cocaine (crack) Quickest way to the brain and brings an immediate high. Quickest way to the brain and brings an immediate high. Deterioration of lungs and all respiratory passages. Deterioration of lungs and all respiratory passages. Aggressive paranoia behavior. (6) Aggressive paranoia behavior. (6) http://www.theconnection.org/con tent/2003/01/30/crackhead173.jpg

17. Mar 29 0617 Risks of Injecting Cocaine High risk of acquiring the HIV virus from infected needles. (7) High risk of acquiring the HIV virus from infected needles. (7) Deterioration of veins and arteries. Deterioration of veins and arteries. http://www.999today.com/_res/2006 /03/16/15030.65.96.612.438.250.18 5.jpg

18. Mar 29 0618 Question Yes it is true that cocaine affects your body physically, but we must also consider how it affects someone socially and psychologically. To start this topic of discussion, ask the question “why do people use cocaine”? Yes it is true that cocaine affects your body physically, but we must also consider how it affects someone socially and psychologically. To start this topic of discussion, ask the question “why do people use cocaine”?

19. Mar 29 0619 Why do people use cocaine? Using cocaine can make a person: Using cocaine can make a person: Obtain a feeling of well-being Obtain a feeling of well-being More alert More alert More aroused More aroused But it is when these feelings are gone that they develop the craving for the drug. But it is when these feelings are gone that they develop the craving for the drug. Here it becomes an abuse and the use increase due to the physical tolerance of the drug. Here it becomes an abuse and the use increase due to the physical tolerance of the drug.

20. Mar 29 0620 Psycho/Social Effects Cocaine is an available stress reliever for college students. Cocaine is an available stress reliever for college students. it is an unhealthy way do deal with stress. Pretty soon it becomes the only way to deal with stress. it is an unhealthy way do deal with stress. Pretty soon it becomes the only way to deal with stress. Social tensions and anxieties can be diminished with cocaine. Social tensions and anxieties can be diminished with cocaine. it could become a regular thing every time you go to a party or hang out with friends BAD FOR HEALTH! it could become a regular thing every time you go to a party or hang out with friends BAD FOR HEALTH!

21. Mar 29 0621 Psychological Effects Psychological dependence refers to: Psychological dependence refers to: The physical tolerance of cocaine. The physical tolerance of cocaine. The feeling of not wanting to go through withdrawal. The feeling of not wanting to go through withdrawal. Decrease in motivation toward a goal. Decrease in motivation toward a goal. Working hard for a “reward” seems less appealing Working hard for a “reward” seems less appealing Getting a quick fix (an immediate reward) becomes more appealing. Getting a quick fix (an immediate reward) becomes more appealing.

22. Mar 29 0622 Summary Cocaine is a highly addictive and deadly drug when abused. Nowadays it seems to be just as popular as alcohol. It is bad for health because it raises blood pressure and respiratory rate to the point where it can be life threatening. Not only does the drug harm your body, but you could also acquire diseases from infected paraphernalia. Cocaine is a highly addictive and deadly drug when abused. Nowadays it seems to be just as popular as alcohol. It is bad for health because it raises blood pressure and respiratory rate to the point where it can be life threatening. Not only does the drug harm your body, but you could also acquire diseases from infected paraphernalia.

23. Mar 29 0623 References (1) Goldfrank’s Toxicologic Emergencies. 7 th ed. c2002. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. “Chapter 67 Cocaine” Jan. 18 th 2006 [Date accessed]. Available from STAT!Ref [database on the Internet]. (1) Goldfrank’s Toxicologic Emergencies. 7 th ed. c2002. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. “Chapter 67 Cocaine” Jan. 18 th 2006 [Date accessed]. Available from STAT!Ref [database on the Internet]. (2) Goldfrank’s Toxicologic Emergencies. 7 th ed. c2002. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. “Chapter 67 Cocaine” Jan. 18 th 2006 [Date accessed]. Available from STAT!Ref [database on the Internet]. (2) Goldfrank’s Toxicologic Emergencies. 7 th ed. c2002. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. “Chapter 67 Cocaine” Jan. 18 th 2006 [Date accessed]. Available from STAT!Ref [database on the Internet]. (3) "Facts About Cocaine Abuse and Treatment." [about 2 screens] National Institute On Drug Abuse. [internet website] c2005. National Institute of Health. [in association with] 15 Mar. 2006 [date accessed]. (3) "Facts About Cocaine Abuse and Treatment." [about 2 screens] National Institute On Drug Abuse. [internet website] c2005. National Institute of Health. [in association with] 15 Mar. 2006 [date accessed].

24. Mar 29 0624 References Cont. (4) Goldfrank’s Toxicologic Emergencies. 7 th ed. c2002. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. “Chapter 67 Cocaine” Jan. 18 th 2006 [Date accessed]. Available from STAT!Ref [database on the Internet]. (4) Goldfrank’s Toxicologic Emergencies. 7 th ed. c2002. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. “Chapter 67 Cocaine” Jan. 18 th 2006 [Date accessed]. Available from STAT!Ref [database on the Internet]. (5) "Snorting Drugs and Hepatitis C.” [about 2 screens] UK Coalition of People Living with HIV and AIDS. [internet website] c2003. 15 Mar. 2006 [date accessed] http://www.ukcoalition.org/hepc/coke.htm>. (5) "Snorting Drugs and Hepatitis C.” [about 2 screens] UK Coalition of People Living with HIV and AIDS. [internet website] c2003. 15 Mar. 2006 [date accessed] http://www.ukcoalition.org/hepc/coke.htm>. (6) "Crack and Cocaine." [about 3 screens] About. [home page on the internet] c2006. National Institute On Drug Abuse. [in association with] 15 Mar. 2006 [date accessed]. (6) "Crack and Cocaine." [about 3 screens] About. [home page on the internet] c2006. National Institute On Drug Abuse. [in association with] 15 Mar. 2006 [date accessed]. (7) "Crack and Cocaine." [about 3 screens] About. [home page on the internet] c2006. National Institute On Drug Abuse. [in association with] 15 Mar. 2006 [date accessed]. (7) "Crack and Cocaine." [about 3 screens] About. [home page on the internet] c2006. National Institute On Drug Abuse. [in association with] 15 Mar. 2006 [date accessed].