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3 rd leading cause of death Leading cause of serious long term disability in the U. S. Women more likely to die from a stroke than men On average, every 40 seconds someone has a stroke
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Death of brain cells leading to loss of neurological function Two types Ischemic Stroke: blocked circulation to a part of the brain usually due a blood clot, often in a narrowed artery Hemorrhagic Stroke: ruptured blood vessel, usually arterial, causing circulation loss to part of the brain 87% if strokes are ischemic and 13% hemorrhagic
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Temporary neurological symptoms in the distribution of a blood vessel that blocks, and then clears Usually develop stroke like symptoms that resolve in 60 minutes or less Similar to Angina preceding a heart attack
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F.A.S.T. Face: facial droop on one side: ask the person to smile Arms : Loss of coordination or weakness/numbness on one side- hold both arms straight out from the body- does one drift downward? Speech: Ask the person to repeat a simple sentence- was it repeated normally? Time: Get to the Hospital immediately if any of the above are abnormal: Time is Brain
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Less common, but potentially stoke symptoms: New type of severe headache Sudden Nausea/Vomiting Sudden sleepiness or agitation Ataxia- staggering while moving, clumsiness
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Blood pressure: increased risk for blood pressure above 120/80 Cholesterol: Should be less than 200 mg/dl Diabetes Smoking Diet: know your Body Mass Index- BMI less than 24 Exercise: cardiovascular fitness reduces stroke risk Family History: Increased risk if immediate family members with heart or cerebral vascular disease at an early age.
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Check blood pressure and work with a doctor to achieve BP less than 120/80 Have your cholesterol checked and work on reduction if elevated Check for diabetes If a smoker, work on smoking cessation Drink alcohol in moderation
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Have an ECG or heart rhythm evaluation to check for Atrial Fibrillation Develop an exercise habit Enjoy a reduced fat and sodium diet
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Antihypertensives- reduce blood pressure Antidysrhythmics- control Atrial Fibrillation Anticoagulants- decrease clotting risk Anticholesterol/lipid medications Diabetic medications
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Affects 25% of the US population. Each year: Claims 1 million lives Cost $290 billion
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2004- 1 of every 5 deaths Every 26 seconds someone suffers a heart attack Every 1 minute someone will die from a heart attack
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Uncomfortable pressure, heaviness, squeezing or pain in the center of the chest lasting at least 2 minutes. Pain the travels to the shoulders, arms, neck, jaw or back Severe pain, lightheadedness, fainting, sweating, nausea or shortness of breath
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Women, diabetics, the elderly Unusual fatigue New, unusual shortness of breath with everyday activity or while a rest Nausea or Dizziness Stomach or lower chest pain; back pain
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Time is heart muscle Treating heart disease: Medications Angioplasty and Stenting Bypass Implantable devices
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Age Race Gender Family History Diabetes
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Blood Pressure Cholesterol Smoking Diabetes Obesity Physical Fitness
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Rarely causes symptoms Strains Heart Muscle and increased heart oxygen use Damages blood vessels
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Class SBP DSP Normal <120 <80 Pre HTN 120-139 80-89 Stage 1 140-159 90-99 Stage 2 > 160 > 100
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Reduce weight Keep salt intake to less than a teaspoon daily- both added and in foods Assure eating plenty of fruits and vegetables; low-fat dairy products Exercise Reduce stress Medications
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Single greatest risk factor predicting heart disease
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High Blood Pressure High LDL cholesterol High Triglycerides Low HDL cholesterol Irritates blood vessel walls
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Risk of developing heart disease: Women: 5-7 times Men: 2-3 times
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Good: HDL Bad: LDL Ugly: VLDL
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HDL Women- 60 mg/dl or higher Men- 50 mg/dl or higher LDL Normal 90-100 mg/dl Desire < 100 mg/dl In heart disease or diabetics: goal < 70 mg/dl VLDL- highest triglycerides Desire below 20 mg/dl
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Extra weight adds strain to the heart and cardiovascular system Since 1991 obesity has increased 75% 7 of ten adults are overweight Body Mass Index: BMI
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Active persons reduce cardiovascular risk by 50% Opportunity to Exercise: OTE Walk stairs Park farther from store front or walk/bike to store Take walk breaks during the day Partner up: walk/run/bike/gym
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Improves blood lipid profile Burns calories and reduces weight Improves blood pressure Improves blood sugar control Decreases depressed moods Decreases stress Improves energy and confidence
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Tobacco use increases the probability of Heart Disease Nicotine: Speeds development of atherosclerosis Decreases HDL cholesterol levels Binds carbon monoxide to Red Blood Cells, decreasing oxygen delivery tissue
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Polyunsaturated fats and Monounsaturated fats- healthiest Saturated fats- less good Trans fats- the worst
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Fruits and Vegetables Whole grains Brans Unrefined cereals
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Healthy Habits Maintain healthy weight- BMI < 24. Physical activity Non-smoker Eating Habits: Fruits and vegetables Low fat dairy Low total fat Avoid saturated and trans fats
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Low salt Control blood sugar Know your numbers Blood Pressure Lipid Panel Blood Glucose
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Under 40: Blood Pressure Lipid Profile Blood Chemistry Over Age 40: Urinalysis EKG Stress Test
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No your numbers Seek treatment for BP, DM, cholesterol Eat right and get regular exercise Watch your weight Smoking cessation Recognize symptoms Seek immediate care
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