1. The Scientific Revolution
Chapter 6 Section 1

2. Before 1500
To determine what was true/false people turned to ancient Greek/Roman authors or the Bible.

3. Geocentric Theory Earth-centered view of the universe
Earth was an immovable object
Everything else moved around the Earth

4. Aristotle Greek philosopher of the 4th century BC
Developed the Geocentric Theory

5. Ptolemy Greek astronomer of the 2nd century AD
Expanded the geocentric theory which was also supported by Christianity

6. Scientific Revolution
A new way of thinking about the natural world based on natural observation and willingness to question accepted beliefs
Mid 1500s
Challenged the ideas of the ancient thinkers and the church
Replaced old assumptions with new theories

7. Causes
Renaissance
Exploration
Printing Press

8. Heliocentric Theory Sun-centered theory
Everything revolved around the sun
Published in 1543

9. Nicolaus Copernicus Polish cleric and astronomer
Studied planetary movements for 25 years
Reintroduced an old Greek idea that the sun was the center of the universe

10. Tycho Brahe Danish astronomer
Studied the movements of planets for years
Collected lots of data that had to be mathematically interpreted upon his death

11. Johannes Kepler Brahe’s assistant and mathematician
Developed mathematical laws governing planetary motion
Planets revolve around the sun in elliptical orbits vs. circles

12. Galileo Galilei Italian Scientist
Built his own telescope to study the planets in 1609
Stood trial before the pope during the Inquisition
1992 Catholic Church finally agreed that he was right

13. Galileo Galilei’s Ideas
Jupiter had 4 moons
Sun had dark spots
Earth’s moon had a rough, uneven surface
His theories and laws of motion supported Copernicus rather than Aristotle

14. Scientific Method
Logical procedure for gathering and testing ideas

15. Francis Bacon Important thinker of the 1600s
English statesman and writer
Co-developer of Scientific Method

16. Rene Descartes French mathematician Developed analytical geometry
Everything should be doubted until its proven
“I think, therefore I am”

17. Isaac Newton English scientist Theory of motion
Law of universal gravitation
The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy 1687

18. Zacharias Janssen
Dutch inventor
The first microscope

19. Anton van Leuwenhoek
Used a microscope to observe bacteria swimming in tooth scrapings
Also examined red blood cells for the 1st time

20. Evangelista Torricelli
Invented the 1st mercury barometer
A tool for measuring atmospheric pressure and predicting weather

21. Gabriel Fahrenheit German physicist
Made the 1st thermometer to use mercury in glass
Water freezing at 32 degrees

22. Galen Ancient Greek physician His ideas were accepted as fact
He studied the bodies of animals and assumed humans were the same

23. Andreas Vesalius Flemish physician Proved Galen’s assumptions wrong
Dissected human corpses and published his observations
Detailed drawings

24. Edward Jenner British physician of the late 1700s
Vaccine to prevent smallpox
He used cowpox to inoculate for smallpox in humans

25. Robert Boyle Pioneered use of scientific method in chemistry
Father of modern chemistry
Matter
Boyle’s Law
Volume, temperature, pressure of gas

26. Anders Celcius Swedish astronomer
Created another scale for the mercury thermometer showing water freezing at 0 degrees