1. Day 1 - Session 3: presentation
Day1/ Session 3 Governance and Perspective of Decentralization & Deconcentration 1

2. Day 1 - Session 3: presentation
Objectives
At the end of the session participants will be able to:
Define in practical terms the meaning of governance, decentralization and deconcentration.
Explain the reasons of implementing the decentralization and deconcentration reforms.
Describe the core foundations of decentralization and deconcentration reforms. 2

3. Day 1 - Session 3: presentation
Tips of the Session
Decen-tralization
The Importance of D&D Reforms
Governance
Policy and Legal Frameworks that help support the implementation of D&D Reforms
Deconcentration
vishmCÄkar 3

4. Questions for Small Group Discussion
Day 1 - Session 3: presentation
Questions for Small Group Discussion
Group 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6:
Question: “What is governance? and briefly
describe what you have observed about
governance in Cambodia”
Group 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12:
Question: “What is good governance? What are
the principles of good governance? and briefly
describe what you have observed about good 4

5. Governance What is Governance?
The Governance means the ways in which nation-state, institutions manage its economic and social affairs, and security, in the interests, and on the behalf, of its citizens.

6. What is Good Governance?
Good governance is the means that state, institutions, or organizations use to govern economy, social affairs, and security to serve the common interests of the citizens by fulfilling 8 principles below: Good Governance for C/S councils by DOLA/MOI, Nov05, page6
Good Governance
1. Participation
2. Rule of Law
3. Transparency
4. Consensus oriented
5. Equity
6. Effectiveness
7. Accountability
8. Responsiveness

7. Improve Public Service Delivery and Infrastructure
Democratic Culture
Improve Public Service Delivery and Infrastructure
Social and Economic Development
Poverty Alleviation
Good Governance
Responsiveness
Equity
Transparency
Participation
Consensus oriented
Effective & efficiency
Accountability
Rule of Law

8. Questions for Pair Discussion
What is Decentralization?
What is Deconcentration?

9. Decentralization
Decentralization: The Royal Government gives sub-national councils, such as Municipal, Provincial, Districts, Khans, Communes, and Sangkat councils, the ownership of functions, authorities and resources (financial, property, and staff) in order to respond to the local needs. The council must be accountable to local residents.

10. Deconcentration
Deconcentration: The Royal Government, ministries or institutions delegate functions and resources to their own lower unit or to a level of councils to implement on behalf of the Royal Government, the ministries or the institutions. The units or the councils must be accountable to the Royal Government, ministry or institutions in accordance with the requirements of the delegation.

11. Basic Principles of D&D
The reform will introduce systems and procedures as ensure that people, especially women, vulnerable groups and indigenous minorities can participate in decision-making at provincial/ municipal, district/khan and commune/sangkat levels.
the reforms will strengthen the roles of councils at provincial/ municipal, district/khan and commune/sangkat administrations to be established in accordance with the principles of democracy by expanding their powers, duties, responsibilities and resources.
Participa-tion of the people
Democra-tic Repre-sentation
Basic Priniciples of D&D Reforms
Focusing on poverty reduction:
Public sector account-ability
Reforms will strengthen accountability at all levels of administration and facilitate citizens' oversight of the administrative and financial affairs of those administrations.
The reforms will strengthen local capacity in using resources to support poverty reduction activities, especially vulnerable groups, indigenous minorities and women and children in order to achieve the Millennium Development Goals of Cambodia.
Effective- ness
Reform will bring public services closer to users by allowing citizens to participate in planning and monitoring public services in order to meet local needs and priorities. The reform will also improve administration and coordination, strengthen the management capacity of provinces/ municipalities, districts/khans and communes/sangkats in order to promote the quality of services and expand the delivery of public services.

12. Basic Principles of D&D
Democratic Representation
The reforms will strengthen the roles of councils at provincial/municipal, district/khan and commune/sangkat administrations to be established in accordance with the principles of democracy by expanding their powers, duties, responsibilities and resources.

13. Basic Principles of D&D
Participation of the people
The reform will introduce systems and procedures as ensure that people, especially women, vulnerable groups and indigenous minorities can participate in decision-making at provincial/ municipal, district/khan and commune/sangkat levels.

14. Basic Principles of D&D
Public sector accountability
Reforms will strengthen accountability at all levels of administration and facilitate citizens' oversight of the administrative and financial affairs of those administrations.

15. Basic Principles of D&D
Effectiveness
Reform will bring public services closer to users by allowing citizens to participate in planning and monitoring public services in order to meet local needs and priorities.
The reform will also improve administration and coordination, strengthen the management capacity of provinces/ municipalities, districts/khans and communes/sangkats in order to promote the quality of services and expand the delivery of public services.

16. Basic Principles of D&D
Focusing on poverty reduction
The reforms will strengthen local capacity in using resources to support poverty reduction activities, especially vulnerable groups, indigenous minorities and women and children in order to achieve the Millennium Development Goals of Cambodia.

17. Question for Pair Discussion
Why do we need to have decentralization and deconcentration reforms?

18. Reasons for D&D Reforms
Citizens can participate in local decisions
Effective and closer public service delivery to citizens
Increase possibility of resource mobilizing at local level with contribution from citizens, civil society and private sector
Source - Key principles for management of Sub-National Administrations by NCDDS Jun09,p7
Reasons
Strengthen multi-party democracy at local level
Promote social and economic development
Promote local development and poverty reduction with local ownership and the opportunity for citizens to participate in the decision making process
Source - Key principles for management of Sub-National Administrations by NCDDS Jun09,p8
Objectives

19. Question for Brainstorming
Is there any policy and legal framework that help support the implementation of D&D reforms?

20. Day 1 - Session 3: presentation
Key D&D Policy & Legal Frameworks
Day 1 - Session 3: presentation
Rectangular Strategy
Strategic Framework on Decentralization and Deconcentration reforms
Policy Framework
Law on Administrative Management of Commune/Sangkat
Law on Administrative Management of the Capital, Provinces, Municipalities, Districts and Khans
Legal Framework