2. Wednesday, April 29, 2015 PREPARED BY ITH ESARA 1 COMMAS [, ]

3. Wednesday, April 29, 2015 PREPARED BY ITH ESARA 2 The Uses and Non-uses of Commas  Points to remember There are twelve ways to use a comma in an English sentence. There are six ways of unnecessary to use a comma in an English sentence.

4. Wednesday, April 29, 2015 PREPARED BY ITH ESARA 3 The Uses OfCommas PART ONE

5. Wednesday, April 29, 2015 PREPARED BY ITH ESARA 4 The Uses of Commas 1)A comma is used before coordinating conjunction (FAN BOYS) in a compound sentence E.g. George does not eat, nor does he drink. Moline loves Noreen, so he always misses her

6. Wednesday, April 29, 2015 PREPARED BY ITH ESARA 5 The Uses of Commas 2.A comma is used immediately after a dependent clause that comes first in a sentence. E.g. Although the laptop is expensive, I have to buy it for my job.

7. Wednesday, April 29, 2015 PREPARED BY ITH ESARA 6 The Uses of Commas 3.Commas are used to separate three or more items in a series. E.g. I like playing football, watching TV, and reading books.

8. Wednesday, April 29, 2015 PREPARED BY ITH ESARA 7 The Uses of Commas 4.A comma is used immediately after an introductory word or phrase from the rest of the sentence. E.g. Yes, I’ll do as I am told. Having been studying at HRU, I feel proud of myself.

9. Wednesday, April 29, 2015 PREPARED BY ITH ESARA 8 The Uses of Commas 5.A comma is used to separate coordinate adjective – the two or more adjectives that have the same qualities or types. E.g. The lovely, pretty girl has sweet voice. [means the lovely and pretty girl ]

10. Wednesday, April 29, 2015 PREPARED BY ITH ESARA 9 The Uses of Commas 6.A comma is used immediately after a transition (conjunctive adverb) from the clause that the transition modifies. E.g. Moreover, noise is a mental pollution. Finally, people may be sick of noise

11. Wednesday, April 29, 2015 PREPARED BY ITH ESARA 10 The Uses of Commas 7.A comma is used immediately after an introductory clause of a quotation or inside the quotation if the quotation comes first. E.g. She said, “I don’t know.” “ You are an idiot, ” she cursed.

12. Wednesday, April 29, 2015 PREPARED BY ITH ESARA 11 The Uses of Commas 8. A comma or commas are used to separate dates, place names or address, and long number E.g. Friday, July 21, 2006 US$ 1,000,000 My address is No. 72 H, st 271, Sangkat Toek Laak 3, Khan Tuol Kok, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.

13. Wednesday, April 29, 2015 PREPARED BY ITH ESARA 12 The Uses of Commas 9.Commas are used to separate the parenthetical expression from the rest of the clause it modifies E.g. HRU, I think, is the best university. Cambodian people, I hope, will have good living in the future by our leaders.

14. Wednesday, April 29, 2015 PREPARED BY ITH ESARA 13 The Uses of Commas 10.Commas are used to separate the non- restrictive phrase or clauses from the main clause. E.g. Sorn Vun, who is my best friend, is very talented in teaching. Arnold, the actor in most American films, is very intelligent. Our teacher, wearing blue shirt, carries heavy bag.

15. Wednesday, April 29, 2015 PREPARED BY ITH ESARA 14 The Uses of Commas 11.Commas are used to separate phrases expressing contrast. E.g. Maria’s family, usually faced bad luck, has a good living now. Economic Growth, not growing up, helps by foreign aids. Parents’ marriage arrangement, not usually giving real happiness to their children, is generally carried out.

16. Wednesday, April 29, 2015 PREPARED BY ITH ESARA 15 The Uses of Commas 12.A comma is used after opening or closing words or phrases of a formal letter. E.g. Open : Dear Sir or Madam, close : Your sincerely,

17. Wednesday, April 29, 2015 PREPARED BY ITH ESARA 16 The Non-Uses OfCommas PART TWO

18. Wednesday, April 29, 2015 PREPARED BY ITH ESARA 17 The Non-Uses of Commas 1.Commas are not used between subject and verb, verb and complement, or adjective and the word the adjective modifies. E.g. We, study English. (wrong) We study English. (correct) There is an ugly, man. (wrong) There is an ugly man (correct) I have, a car. (wrong) I have a car. (correct)

19. Wednesday, April 29, 2015 PREPARED BY ITH ESARA 18 The Non-Uses of Commas 2.Commas are not used to separate only two items in compound such as subjects, verbs, complements, … E.g. I wash the clothes, and clean the house on weekends. (wrong) I wash the clothes and clean the house on weekends. (correct)

20. Wednesday, April 29, 2015 PREPARED BY ITH ESARA 19 The Non-Uses of Commas 3.Commas are not used after question marks (?), Exclamation point (!), Dash (  ) or before an opening parenthesis. E.g. “What do you mean?,” he asked. (wrong) “What do you mean?” he asked. (correct) ‘Oh dear!,’ he exclaimed. (wrong) ‘Oh dear!’ he exclaimed. (correct) The method, (how to cook) is copied right. (wrong) The method (how to cook) is copied right. (correct)

21. Wednesday, April 29, 2015 PREPARED BY ITH ESARA 20 The Non-Uses of Commas 4.A comma is not used when it joins two dependent clauses. E.g. What you say, and what you do are different. (wrong) What you say and what you do are different. (correct)

22. Wednesday, April 29, 2015 PREPARED BY ITH ESARA 21 The Non-Uses of Commas 5.Commas are not used to separate the restrictive phrase or clauses. E.g. A man, who she loves, is handsome. (wrong) A man who she loves is handsome. (correct)

23. Wednesday, April 29, 2015 PREPARED BY ITH ESARA 22 The Non-Uses of Commas 6.Commas are not used after than, like, and such as. E.g. I have some stories to tell you such as, folktales, novel, etc. (wrong) I have some stories to tell you such as folk tales, novel, etc. (correct)

24. Wednesday, April 29, 2015 PREPARED BY ITH ESARA 23 End of Unit 13 Thank you!