1. SKELETAL SYSTEM
Chapter 3

2. FUNCTIONS OF SKELETAL SYSTEM
Provide framework for the body
Protect & support the internal organs
Joints help to provide for body movement
Calcium is stored in bones
Red bone marrow helps
form blood.

3. SKELETAL SYSTEM COMPONENTS
The skeletal system includes bones, cartilage, ligaments, joints, and bursa
Bones are made of connective tissue.
Bone is almost the hardest tissue in the body

4. STRUCTURE OF BONES The Structure of Bones
Bones are made up of tissue, bone
marrow, and cartilage (Figure 3.1, p. 39)
Tissues include: See Table 3.1 (p. 38)
Peri /oste /um – outermost covering of bone
Compact bone – strong outer layer of bone
Spongy bone – found inside and at the ends of bones; red bone marrow located here
Medullary Cavity – shaft of long bone, surrounded by compact bone; contains yellow bone marrow

5. STRUCTURE OF BONES CONT’D.
Bone Marrow
Red bone marrow – located within spongy bone, manufactures products that help form blood cells.
Yellow bone marrow – located in medullary cavity; made of fat cells, serves as fat storage area
Cartilage
Smooth rubbery substance that acts as a shock absorber between bones
Articular cartilage – covers surface
of bones that form joints
Meniscus – rounded cartilage (ex. knee)

6. STRUCTURE OF BONES CONT’D.
Anatomical Landmarks of a Bone
Diaphysis – shaft of long bone
Epiphysis – wide end of long bone
Proximal epiphysis – end of bone closest to midline of body
Distal epiphysis – end of bone farthest from midline of body
Foramen – opening in a bone for blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments
Process – projection on the surface of a bone that serves as attachments for muscles and tendons

7. JOINTS Joints – connections between bones Types of Joints
Suture – forms a joint between two bones that do not move (ex. - skull)
Symphysis – two bones are held firmly together and act as one bone (ex. – symphysis pubis)
Synovial – movable joints in the body (ex. – ball and socket
and hinge joints)
apps.uwhealth.org/.../images/en/19903.jpg

8. STRUCTURES OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS
Turn to p. 40, Figures 3.4 and 3.5
Ligaments – connects bone to bone
Synovial membrane and fluid – synovial joints are surrounded by a capsule and are lined with a membrane. Synovial membrane secretes a fluid that acts as a lubricant.
Bursa – a sac, lined with a synovial membrane and also contains synovial fluid. Found in areas where a tendon passes over a bone (ex. knee)

9. BONES OF THE SKULL Please turn to p. 43, Figures 3.9 and 3.10
Major bones of the skull include:
Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal
Sphenoid
Ethmoid

10. BONES OF THE FACE Major bones of the face include: Zygomatic Maxilla
Lacrimal
Vomer
Mandible
Nasal

11. BONES OF THE CHEST Turn to p. 41, figure 3.7 Ribs (12 pair) Sternum
Xyphoid process
Clavicle
Scapula

12. BONES OF THE UPPER BODY Turn to p. 44, figures 3.11 and 3.12 Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges

13. BONES OF THE SPINAL COLUMN
Turn to p. 45, figure 3.14
Cervical vertebra (1-7)
Thoracic vertebra (1-12)
Lumbar vertebra (1-5)
Sacrum
Coccyx

14. BONES OF THE PELVIS
Turn to p. 46, figure 3.15
Ilium
Ischium
Pubis

15. BONES OF THE LOWER BODY Turn to p. 47, figure 3.17 Femur Patella Tibia
Fibula
Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanges

16. MEDICAL SPECIALTIES Detailed information can be found on pages 47-48:
Chiropractor
Orthopedic surgeon
Orthotics
Osteopathic MD
Podiatrist
Rheumatologist