1. Pests of Paddy

2. LEAF, STEM AND SEED SUCKING INSECTS

3. Nephotettix spp. Homoptera:Cicadellidae Bena hijau/leafhopper
Suck the leaf, stem and rice grain (biji)
Pest: nymph and adult
Transmits virus diseases such as tungro (N. virescens), yellow dwarf, yellow-orange leaf
Simptom: leaf yellowish and dry,small grain,, sterile, plant stunted

4. Nephotettix virescens

5. Control measures:
1) dry the field after harvesting
2) destroy the remaining rice plants after harvesting( esp. those which are infected)
3)area with severe damage: use insecticide one week after seeding
Racun: 0.1% carbaryl, dimethoate
Biocontrol: Miridae (hemiptera), nematode parasitize nymph & adult

6. Nilaparvata lugens Homoptera: Delphacidae
Bena perang/ brown planthopper
Suck the sap of a growing padi plant( near water level)
Nymphs and adults cause damage

7. A high density of population  HOPPERBURN
crops dries up in round patches, brownish color
Disease: ragged stunt, grassy stunt

8. draining the rice field for 3-4 days is recommended during the early stage of infestation.
Nitrogen application can be split to reduce BPH buildup.
Maintaining a free-rice period could also decrease the build-up of population
Spray with acephate 0.1% a.i, phenthoate 0.05% a.i

9. Biocontrol: use of spiders (predators) eg: Lycosa pseudoannulata (20 BPH/day)

10. Scotinophora coarctata
Hemiptera:Pentatomidae
Kutu beruang/rice black bug
Adult & nymph
Suck sap from base of padi stem

11. Weakening padi, seed production decrease,, severe: padi stunted, leaves turn reddish brown
Control: During early infestation, the water level in the field may be raised for 2-3 days to force the insects to move upwards.
Flooding the fields can also cause higher egg mortality.
After harvest, fields might be plowed to remove remaining insects

12. Sogatella furcifera Homoptera: Delphacidae:planthopper Adult and nymph
Suck the sap from leaf blade and leaf sheath
Symptom; reddich brown patches on leaf, for serious infestation you can see yellow patchesControl: drain off water 2-3 days,then flood again (same like Nilaparvata lugens)

13. spray gamma BHC, endosulfan, carbaryl ( all 0.1% a.i)
Use Metarhizium anisopliae (fungus)
foliar spraying of insecticides directed at the base of the rice plant is the most effective

14. PENGOREK BATANG (STEMBORER)

15. Scirpophaga incertulas
Lepidoptera:Pyralidae
Yellow stemborer
The caterpillars bore into the rice stem and hollow out the stem completely
the early stages of growth, drying up of young leaves or death of tillers.  Attack is more common at 'bunting' stage and then the ear may not emerge and if it does ;it may be empty

16. Control: control measures e. g
Control: control measures e.g. spraying surface of water at maximum tillering may be useful

17. PEMAKAN DAUN leaf eater

18. Spodoptera litura Lepidoptera:Noctuidae Ulat ratus/armyworm
Eat leaf-blades, particularly serious in nursery and dry padi.
Control:
Dust 25 lb per acre of        a mixture of 5% DDT        dust and wood ash.  
2.  If possible, flood the        nursery.  
3.  Spray with 3 pints        25% DDT emulsion        in gallons of        water per acre.