1. Preventing Postharvest Loss: an Initiative at the University of Illinois R.S. Gates, Ph.D., P.E. July 16, 2012

2. AGENDA Future food security challenges Several “views” of post-harvest loss The ADM Institute and its contributions

3. Global Food Demand Is Predicted to Increase 70% by 2050 Global Food Demand Is Predicted to Increase 70% by 2050 (FAO; 2009) Dietary changes in developing countriesPer capita food consumption

4. Global Crop Demand Is Estimated to Double From 2005 to 2050 Global Crop Demand Is Estimated to Double From 2005 to 2050 (NAS, 2011)

5. 2030 Food Demands Require About 200 Million More Hectares 2030 Food Demands Require About 200 Million More Hectares (McKinsey; 2011)

6. McKinsey Global Institute’s Resource Revolution Commodity Price Changes Tell Interesting Story Commodity Price Changes Tell Interesting Story (McKinsey; 2011)

7. AGENDA Future food security challenges Several “views” of post-harvest loss The ADM Institute and its contributions X

8. PHL Varies by Region PHL Varies by Region (FAO; 2011) kg per year Per capita food waste and food loss (kg/year) DATA!

9. PHL Varies by Commodity PHL Varies by Commodity (FAO; 2011)

10. Cereal Losses Across the World Cereal Losses Across the World (FAO, 2011)

11. PHL Varies Across Growing Conditions PHL Varies Across Growing Conditions (IBRD/WB; 2011)

12. PHL Varies Between Countries: For Same Crop PHL Varies Between Countries: For Same Crop (FAO; 2002)

13. PHL Varies Between States Within One Country PHL Varies Between States Within One Country (ADM Institute; 2012)

14. A More Specific Perspective: Rice in SE Asia A More Specific Perspective: Rice in SE Asia (IRRI; 2011) Consumption Crop In SE Asia, physical losses range from 15-25%. Quality losses range from 10-30% (loss in value)

15. Reducing PHL and Increasing Yields Have High Potential Reducing PHL and Increasing Yields Have High Potential (McKinsey; 2011)

16. Little Attention Is Devoted to PHL and Yields Little Attention Is Devoted to PHL and Yields (McKinsey; 2011)

17. Why Reduce Post-harvest Loss? Some Hypotheses Estimates suggest 1/3 of agricultural production is “wasted” and doesn’t reach food consumer Investment required to reduce PHL could be modest Technology advances should make reduction more feasible and less expensive Arable land, water, energy are in limited supply – reducing PHL can lessen pressure on scarce resources

18. AGENDA Future food security challenges Several “views” of post-harvest loss The ADM Institute and its contributions X X

19. Fall, 2010 Initial conversations Jan 19, 2011Official announcement & celebration $10 Million gift India/Brazil emphasis Staple crops Feb, 2011 Seed research efforts initiated $0.4 million in funding allocated Mar /Jul, 2011Visioning processes Fall, 2011RFP issued $2.1 million in funding allocated Throughout 2011 – Prospecting for collaborating entities Timeline of the ADM Institute

20. Vision Statement Key elements include: To be an international information and technology hub To encompass technologies, practices and systems To focus on staple crops in key agricultural domains The ADM Institute for the Prevention of Postharvest Loss

21. Research Themes Measurement & technology development Systems informatics & analysis Policy analysis Education, training, & information transfer

22. Mary-Grace Danao Measurement, Documentation and Postharvest Processing for the Prevention of Postharvest Losses of Soybeans and Corn Peter Goldsmith Managing Grain Losses in Continuous Cropping Systems of the Tropics through On- Farm or Cooperative Storage Measurement & technology development Luis F. Rodríguez Concurrent Science, Engineering, and Technology for the Prevention of Postharvest Loss Systems informatics & analysis Kathy Baylis Supply Chain Policy and Strategy Analysis for Prevention of Postharvest Loss Mary Arends-Kuenning The Nature of Small Landholder Agriculture in the Brazilian States of Sao Paulo and Parana and Implication for Understanding Postharvest Loss Policy analysis Barry Pittendrigh Education, Training and Information Transfer to Minimize Postharvest Losses – Scientific Animations Without Borders Education, training & information transfer Ximing Cai Appropriate Technology Development and System Integration for Post-Harvest Loss Prevention 2011 Funded Projects

23. Activities (Jan-Mar 2012) UFV  Developed partnerships  Measured harvest losses (3 Brazilian states) Gathering information on storage conditions  Gathering information on tracking trucks Identified farm for our silo bag feasibility test in June Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais  Gathering climate data for storability risk calculations Measurement, Documentation and Postharvest Processing for the Prevention of Postharvest Losses of Soybeans and Corn (Danao, Gates, Eckhoff, Paulsen, Rausch)

24. Measuring pre-harvest, combine header, and threshing/cleaning losses UFVUIUCUFGUFMT Measurements from soybean harvest (February 2012) and corn harvest (July 2012) completed. Using a standard method for measuring harvest losses developed by EMBRAPA, faculty and students traveled from Jataí, Goaís to Sinop, Mato Grosso (1,034 km) to conduct field measurements. CombineMean MC [%] Estimated yield at 13% MC [kg/ha] Total loss [sacks/ha] Loss as % of yield at 13% MC Combine speed [km/h] S211.042962.473.54.0 S618.038140.891.45.5 S716.234211.262.24.2

25. Quantity and quality loss assessments in graneleiros & trucks; exploring use of silo bags. How can we increase efficiency in graneleiros? Can silo bags serve as temporary storage? How can we minimize losses during transport?

26. Our Aspirational Contributions Investable implementation framework Measurement of loss Quantum jump technology Challenge

27. ResourcesReference ADM Institute for the Prevention of Postharvest Loss. (2012). Mapping the production system and the supply chain and study the crop losses of black gram. FAOSTAT. (2012). Crops production. Retrieved from http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/DesktopDefault.aspx?PageID=567#ancor http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/DesktopDefault.aspx?PageID=567#ancor Grolleaud, M. (2002). Post-harvest losses: Discovering the full story. Rome: FAO. Gustavsson, J., Cederberg, C., Sonesson, U., van Otterdijk, R., & Meybeck, A. (2011). Global food losses and food waste. Rome: FAO. Hodges, R. J., Buzby, J. C., & Bennett, B. (2010). Postharvest losses and waste in developed and less developed countries: opportunities to improve resource use. Journal of Agricultural Science, 149 (51), 37-45. International Rice Research Institute. (2011). Postharvest technologies, learning alliances, and the private sector [powerpoint slides]. Retrieved from: http://aseanfoodsecurityfoodproduction.files.wordpress.com/2011/07/11-rfs-alfred-schmidley- postharvesr-technologies-learning-alliances-and-the-private-sector.pdf McKinsey Global Institute. (2011). Resource revolution: Meeting the world’s energy, materials, food, and water needs. Tilman, D., Balzer, C., Hill, J., & Befort, B.L. (2011). Global food demand and the sustainable intensification of agriculture. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108(50), 20260-20264.20260-20264 World Bank. (2011). Missing food: The case of postharvest grain losses in sub-Saharan Africa. Washington, DC: The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank.

28. Director: Steve Sonka -- ssonka@illinois.edu http://postharvestinstitute.illinois.edu