1. TEACHING SPATIAL THINKING THROUGH THE BIG IDEA: ELEVATION IN SOUTH AMERICA Written and Presented by: Susan Husiak Michigan Geographic Alliance Teacher Consultant Whitehall District Schools -Retired Sixth and Seventh Grade World Studies Teacher English Language Arts Teacher

2. Overview: Altitude is one factor in determining temperature and climate. Learn about vertical zonation! Objectives: Describe vertical zonation of crops using a map Explain the relationship between temperature and elevation Interpret information from graphs Activities: Take a “No Sweat” test before and after the lesson Create a map of a mountain showing elevation zones Show vertical zonation of crops on the map Learn about temperature and elevation Interpret information from graphs

4. Draw a mountain on your paper

5. Now divide your mountain into thirds.

6. Divide your thirds in half to make 6 sections

7. NOTE: There are mountains in the Andes and the World that are higher than 18,000 feet. However for this drawing we are stopping at 18,000 feet, because everything above that is above the snow line.

8. Write the elevation of each line. 0 feet or Sea Level 3,000 feet 6,000 feet 9,000 feet 12,000 feet 15,000 feet 18,000 feet

9. Color the elevation zones as shown below. 0 feet or Sea Level 3,000 feet Tierra Caliente or hot zone

10. Color the elevation zones as shown below. 0 feet or Sea Level 3,000 feet Tierra Caliente or hot zone 6,000 feet Tierra Templata or moderate zone

11. Color the elevation zones as shown below. 0 feet or Sea Level 3,000 feet Tierra Caliente or hot zone 6,000 feet Tierra Templata or moderate zone 9,000 feet 12,000 feet Tierra Fria or cold zone

12. Color the elevation zones as shown below. 0 feet or Sea Level 3,000 feet Tierra Caliente or hot zone 6,000 feet Tierra Templata or moderate zone 9,000 feet 12,000 feet Tierra Fria or cold zone 15,000 feet Tierra Helada (Punta) or cold to frozen zone 18,000 feet

13. Label the snow line, tree line and snow. 0 feet or Sea Level 3,000 feet Tierra Caliente or hot zone 6,000 feet Tierra Templata or moderate zone 9,000 feet 12,000 feet Tierra Fria or cold zone 15,000 feet Tierra Helada (Punta) or cold to frozen zone 18,000 feet Snow Line snow Tree Line

14. Write the paragraph at the bottom of the page. 0 feet or Sea Level 3,000 feet Tierra Caliente or hot zone 6,000 feet Tierra Templata or moderate zone 9,000 feet 12,000 feet Tierra Fria or cold zone 15,000 feet Tierra Helada (Punta) or cold to frozen zone 18,000 feet Snow Line snow Tree Line The temperature drops approximately an average of 3°-5° for every 1000 feet that you go up the mountain. As you go up the mountain the air gets thinner. Most people live in 3,000 to 6,000 feet zone.

15. Now give your map a title, because every map needs a title.

16. Elevation in South America 0 feet or Sea Level 3,000 feet Tierra Caliente or hot zone 6,000 feet Tierra Templata or moderate zone 9,000 feet 12,000 feet Tierra Fria or cold zone 15,000 feet Tierra Helada (Punta) or cold to frozen zone 18,000 feet Snow Line snow Tree Line The temperature drops approximately an average of 3°-5° for every 1000 feet that you go up the mountain. As you go up the mountain the air gets thinner. Most people live in 3,000 to 6,000 feet zone.

17. Next we are going to add the vertical zonation of crops to the map. Vertical zonation is the elevation at which a crop is able to grow. You will also add some of the animals that can be raised at certain elevations.

18. Elevation in South America 0 feet or Sea Level 3,000 feet Tierra Caliente or hot zone 6,000 feet Tierra Templata or moderate zone 9,000 feet 12,000 feet Tierra Fria or cold zone 15,000 feet Tierra Helada (Punta) or cold to frozen zone 18,000 feet rice, papaya, citrus fruit, manioc, banana, sugarcane, cacao and cotton Snow Line snow Tree Line The temperature drops approximately an average of 3°-5° for every 1000 feet that you go up the mountain. Also, as you go up the mountain the air gets thinner. Most people live between the 3,000-6,000 feet. Write what will grow at 0-3,000 feet

19. Elevation in South America 0 feet or Sea Level 3,000 feet Tierra Caliente or hot zone 6,000 feet Tierra Templata or moderate zone 9,000 feet 12,000 feet Tierra Fria or cold zone 15,000 feet Tierra Helada (Punta) or cold to frozen zone 18,000 feet rice, papaya, citrus fruit, manioc, banana, sugarcane, cacao, and cotton corn, small grains, coffee, wheat, squash, beans Snow Line snow Tree Line The temperature drops approximately an average of 3°-5° for every 1000 feet that you go up the mountain. Also, as you go up the mountain the air gets thinner. Most people live between the 3,000-6,000 feet. Write what will grow at 3,000-6,000 feet

20. Elevation in South America 0 feet or Sea Level 3,000 feet Tierra Caliente or hot zone 6,000 feet Tierra Templata or moderate zone 9,000 feet 12,000 feet Tierra Fria or cold zone 15,000 feet Tierra Helada (Punta) or cold to frozen zone 18,000 feet rice, papaya, citrus fruit, manioc, banana, sugarcane, cacao, and cotton corn, small grains, coffee, wheat, squash, beans Snow Line snow Tree Line The temperature drops approximately an average of 3°-5° for every 1000 feet that you go up the mountain. Also, as you go up the mountain the air gets thinner. Most people live between the 3,000-6,000 feet. Write what will grow at 6,000-12,000 feet quinoa, barley potatoes, wheat (hearty crops) The land is used for grazing, and raising dairy animals.

21. Elevation in South America 0 feet or Sea Level 3,000 feet Tierra Caliente or hot zone 6,000 feet Tierra Templata or moderate zone 9,000 feet 12,000 feet Tierra Fria or cold zone 15,000 feet Tierra Helada (Punta) or cold to frozen zone 18,000 feet rice, papaya, citrus fruit, manioc, banana, sugarcane, cacao, and cotton corn, small grains, coffee, wheat, squash, beans Snow Line snow Tree Line The temperature drops approximately an average of 3°-5° for every 1000 feet that you go up the mountain. Also, as you go up the mountain the air gets thinner. Most people live between the 3,000-6,000 feet. Write what will grow at 12,000-15,000 feet quinoa, barley potatoes, wheat (hearty crops) The land is used for grazing, and raising dairy animals. Sheep, pine and fir trees

22. You now have an easy reference map for elevation and vertical zonation in the Andes mountain. You now have an easy reference map for elevation and vertical zonation in the Andes mountain. Remember that elevation is not the only Remember that elevation is not the only factor that determines the temperature and what factor that determines the temperature and what crops will grow at each elevation. You also need crops will grow at each elevation. You also need to know the latitude where the mountain is to know the latitude where the mountain is located. located. Remember that the seasons south of the Equator (Southern Hemisphere) are opposite of ours in the Northern Hemisphere. Remember that the seasons south of the Equator (Southern Hemisphere) are opposite of ours in the Northern Hemisphere.

23. Next you will need to figure out what the temperature would be at each level. Next you will need to figure out what the temperature would be at each level. You will assume that you are on the equator, and that the temperature drops 3.5° for every 1000 feet of elevation, or 10.5° for every 3000 feet as you ascend the mountain. You will assume that you are on the equator, and that the temperature drops 3.5° for every 1000 feet of elevation, or 10.5° for every 3000 feet as you ascend the mountain. You will have _____minutes to do this. You will have _____minutes to do this.

24. Elevation in South America 0 feet or Sea Level 3,000 feet Tierra Caliente or hot zone 6,000 feet Tierra Templata or moderate zone 9,000 feet 12,000 feet Tierra Fria or cold zone 15,000 feet Tierra Helada (Punta) or cold to frozen zone 18,000 feet Rice, papaya, citrus fruit, manioc, Banana, sugarcane, cacao, and cotton Corn, small grains, coffee, wheat, squash, beans Snow Line snow Tree Line The temperature drops approximately an average of 3°-5° for every 1000 feet that you go up the mountain. Also, as you go up the mountain the air gets thinner. Most people live between the 3,000-6,000 feet. Quinoa, barley potatoes, wheat (hearty crops) The land is used for grazing, and raising dairy animals. Sheep, pine and fir trees 86° 75.5° 65° 54.5° 44° 33.5° 23°

25. Take out your “No Sweat Quiz” Take out your “No Sweat Quiz” 1.Would you change any of your answers? 2.If so, make your changes in a different color than the one you initially used. than the one you initially used.