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How do we use genetics to our advantage? What are the risks of using genetics to our advantage? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BpzVFdDeWyo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BpzVFdDeWyo.

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Presentation on theme: "How do we use genetics to our advantage? What are the risks of using genetics to our advantage? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BpzVFdDeWyo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BpzVFdDeWyo."— Presentation transcript:

1 How do we use genetics to our advantage? What are the risks of using genetics to our advantage? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BpzVFdDeWyo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BpzVFdDeWyo

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3 http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/26184891/vp/29478705#29478705

4 Biotechnology The use of living systems or organisms to make or develop useful products

5 Examples of Biotechnology

6 Genetic engineering  making changes to DNA code and putting back into cell

7 Applications of Genetic Engineering

8 Transgenic organisms Transgenic organisms- contains genes from other organisms

9 Transgenic Plants  Soybeans – produces insecticides  Edible cotton seeds – not available yet  Golden rice – genes from flowers to increase beta carotene

10 Transgenic Animals  Designer Babies - DNA from 3 people found in 15 babies.  Featherless chickens  Glittering seahorses  Glofish - can buy at Walmart

11 Genetically modified organisms  Many transgenic plants and animals fit into this category  Organisms whose genome has been changed by genetic engineering  https://curiosity.com/playlists/how-safe-are- genetically-modified-foods-6bwrNwni/what-is-a- genetically-modified-food-instant-egghead-45- scientific-american/ https://curiosity.com/playlists/how-safe-are- genetically-modified-foods-6bwrNwni/what-is-a- genetically-modified-food-instant-egghead-45- scientific-american/

12 Cloning  Process of creating genetically identical organisms  1 st animal cloned from an adult cell was - Dolly the sheep  Human cloning is illegal in many countries

13 Current uses for cloning  Clone your pet: http://www.myfriendagain.com/ http://www.myfriendagain.com/  cost 50,000 and up

14 Selective Breeding  breeding animals and plants for a particular trait

15 Example

16 Hybridization  the process of interbreeding individuals of different species

17 Examples

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21 What is the process of genetic engineering?  Recombinant DNA: Genetically engineered DNA created by splicing DNA from a different organism into the host DNA.  Uses a plasmid  Plasmid - circular DNA found in bacteria

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23 DNA Technology  DNA fingerprinting - a test to evaluate genetic information  Used in criminal cases, paternity cases, to identify victims of accidents and ancestry.

24 How do scientists make a DNA fingerprint?  DNA is collected ( ex. Hairbrush, toothbrush, chewing gum, skin and other sources)  Restriction enzyme is added to sample to cut DNA into smaller fragments.  Sample is placed in a special gel and the gel is then put into electrophoresis equipment.

25 How does a gel electrophoresis works?  Electrical current is applied to the gel with the DNA sample  Smaller DNA fragments moves to end of the gel and larger DNA fragments stay at the top of the gel  Gel is stained to see fragments better

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27 What happens if the sample is too small?  Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) - process to make copies of DNA  http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/polym erase-chain-reaction-pcr http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/polym erase-chain-reaction-pcr

28 Gene Therapy  Ex. Add corrected copy of a defective gene to treat or prevent a genetic disease


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