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Published byShelby Hack Modified over 9 years ago
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How do we use genetics to our advantage? What are the risks of using genetics to our advantage? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BpzVFdDeWyo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BpzVFdDeWyo
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http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/26184891/vp/29478705#29478705
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Biotechnology The use of living systems or organisms to make or develop useful products
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Examples of Biotechnology
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Genetic engineering making changes to DNA code and putting back into cell
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Applications of Genetic Engineering
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Transgenic organisms Transgenic organisms- contains genes from other organisms
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Transgenic Plants Soybeans – produces insecticides Edible cotton seeds – not available yet Golden rice – genes from flowers to increase beta carotene
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Transgenic Animals Designer Babies - DNA from 3 people found in 15 babies. Featherless chickens Glittering seahorses Glofish - can buy at Walmart
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Genetically modified organisms Many transgenic plants and animals fit into this category Organisms whose genome has been changed by genetic engineering https://curiosity.com/playlists/how-safe-are- genetically-modified-foods-6bwrNwni/what-is-a- genetically-modified-food-instant-egghead-45- scientific-american/ https://curiosity.com/playlists/how-safe-are- genetically-modified-foods-6bwrNwni/what-is-a- genetically-modified-food-instant-egghead-45- scientific-american/
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Cloning Process of creating genetically identical organisms 1 st animal cloned from an adult cell was - Dolly the sheep Human cloning is illegal in many countries
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Current uses for cloning Clone your pet: http://www.myfriendagain.com/ http://www.myfriendagain.com/ cost 50,000 and up
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Selective Breeding breeding animals and plants for a particular trait
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Example
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Hybridization the process of interbreeding individuals of different species
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Examples
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What is the process of genetic engineering? Recombinant DNA: Genetically engineered DNA created by splicing DNA from a different organism into the host DNA. Uses a plasmid Plasmid - circular DNA found in bacteria
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DNA Technology DNA fingerprinting - a test to evaluate genetic information Used in criminal cases, paternity cases, to identify victims of accidents and ancestry.
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How do scientists make a DNA fingerprint? DNA is collected ( ex. Hairbrush, toothbrush, chewing gum, skin and other sources) Restriction enzyme is added to sample to cut DNA into smaller fragments. Sample is placed in a special gel and the gel is then put into electrophoresis equipment.
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How does a gel electrophoresis works? Electrical current is applied to the gel with the DNA sample Smaller DNA fragments moves to end of the gel and larger DNA fragments stay at the top of the gel Gel is stained to see fragments better
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What happens if the sample is too small? Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) - process to make copies of DNA http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/polym erase-chain-reaction-pcr http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/polym erase-chain-reaction-pcr
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Gene Therapy Ex. Add corrected copy of a defective gene to treat or prevent a genetic disease
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