1. Morphology of flowering plants
Part 2
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2. Leaf (Phyllopodium) Types of leaves Dorsiventral Dicot Isobilateral
Monocot
Types of leaves
Cotyledonary – fleshy due to food
Hypsophylls or Bract leaves- contain inflorescence at axil.
Scaly- Non green or dry – bamboo.
Prophylls –the first form leaves.
Cataphylls – non green underground scaly protect but in axil.
Sporophyll- reproductive. Represent flower.
Foliage leaves – Photosynthetic.
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3. Part of leaves Lamina Petiole Axillary bud Leaf base Apex Margin
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4. Stipules Types according to their time period-
Caducous- detach before the leaf unfolds- Michelia(Champa)
Deciduous- detach after unfold of leaf- cassia
Persistent – attached permanently - Hibiscus.
Types according to their structure and location -
Free lateral – two free stipules on both side of leaf base- Hib.
Adnate – two lateral attached to petiole -rose
Ochreate – two form hollow tube surrounds node.
Interpetiolar – Between petioles of opposite leaves- Anthocephalalus
Intrapetiolar – between petiole and stem.
Foliaceous – two green leaf like.
Tendrilar- modified into thin tendrils – Smilax
Bud and spiny
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5. Petiole (Mesopodium) Winged Tendrillar Phyllode Floating Orange
Nepenthes
Phyllode
Acacia
Floating
Echornia
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6. Lamina (epipodium) Venation Parallel Monocot Reticular Dicot
Unicostate/Pinnate
Peepal
Multicostate\Palmate
Convergent
Wheat
Divergent
Palms
Convergent
Ber
Divergent
Castor
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7. Furcate
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8. Vernation & ptyxis
Vernation- arrangement in relation to each other in the bud condition
Ptyxis – manner of folding of an individual leaf in bud condition
Circinatie- rolled from apex to base- cycas.
Plicate – folded lengthwise – fan palm
Conduplicate – folded over midrib – gauva
Crumpled- irregularly folded – cabbage
Involute – margin folded on upper side- colocasia
rovolute – Margins rolled on lower surface
Phyllotaxy & its types
Modification
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9. Phyllotaxy Alternative spiral- Mango, Hibiscus. Opposite – two types-
1. Opposite superposed – Eugenia.
2. Opposite decussate.- Calotropis.
Whorled- Nerium
Spiral – Hibiscus
Mosaic- Acalypha indica.
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10. Types of Leaves (Depends of incision of lamina)
Simple
Compound
Pinnately compd-Incision toward midrib
Palmately compd-
Incision of lamina toward the base of leaf connect to the tip of petiole
Unipinnate-
Pari-
Imparipinnate
Bipinnate-
Tripinnate-
Decompound
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11. Palmately compd-
Incision of lamina toward the base of leaf connect to the tip of petiole
Unifoliate- citrus
Bifoliate
Bignonia
Quadrifoliate
Paris quadrifolia
Multifoliate
Bambax
Trifoliate
Oxalis
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12. Modification of leaf Functions of leaf Leaf tendrils- smilax.
Leaf spines- Zyzypus.
Leaf hooks- Bignonia.
Phyllodes- Acacia ariculiformis.
Leaf bladders – Utricularia (bladderwort), Pitcher.
Succulent – Aloe.
Scale leaves- Casuarina
Coloured leaf – for pollination – Euphorbia.
Leaf root- for balancing – salvinia.
Leaf tentacle- Drosera
Functions of leaf
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13. Inflorescence Peduncle (Floral axis)
Simple (Unbranched) – flowers born on rachis
Compound (Branched) - flowers born on rachises
Solitary single - Hibiscus
Inflorescence may be –
Terminal- single flower at the apex
Axillary – flower in the axil of a leaf
Intercalary – single flower between the floral axis
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14. Axillary
Racemose
Indefinite
Cymose
Definite
Mixed
Special
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15. Racemose (Indefinite)
Indefinite axis
Flowers in a acropetal order.
Opening of flower is centripetal.
Peduncle Unbranched -Simple recemose.
Peduncle Branched – compound recemose.
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16. Raceme Spike. Spikelets. Catkin. Spadix. Corymb. Umbel Concave Convex
Types of Racemose inflorescence
Main axis elongated
Raceme
Spike.
Spikelets.
Catkin.
Spadix.
Main axis shortened
Corymb.
Umbel
Main axis flat
Concave
Convex
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17. Raceme Spike Spikelets Catkin (Amentum) Compd/ Simple Rachilla Penicle
Rice
Catkin (Amentum)
Oak, Mulbery.
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18. Spadix Banana, colocasia, Corymb Iberis, casia Umbel Centella
Spathe
Spadix Banana, colocasia,
Corymb Iberis, casia
Umbel Centella
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19. Capitulum Helianthus
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20. Cymose
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