1. 4/26/2006 – Nicaragua, Matagalpa: Elder Hogar Improvement Project Team: Nick Carey, Gita Dombrowski, Jeremiah Hess, Chris Lastomirsky Engineers Without Borders at Portland State University

2. 4/26/2006 – Nicaragua, Matagalpa: Elder Hogar Improvement Project Team: Nick Carey, Gita Dombrowski, Jeremiah Hess, Chris Lastomirsky Matagalpa, Nicaragua: Elder Care Facility Improvement Project

3. 4/26/2006 – Nicaragua, Matagalpa: Elder Hogar Improvement Project Team: Nick Carey, Gita Dombrowski, Jeremiah Hess, Chris Lastomirsky Background PSU Institute on Aging Jessie F. Richardson Foundation Engineers Without Borders Portland Professional Partners 35 elderly residents 300-tree orchard –Oranges, Lemons, Mangos –Cash crop used to purchase supplies

4. 4/26/2006 – Nicaragua, Matagalpa: Elder Hogar Improvement Project Team: Nick Carey, Gita Dombrowski, Jeremiah Hess, Chris Lastomirsky Antiquated Irrigation System Existing irrigation technique –Flood and furrow –Water shortage in Hogar –Trees were dying

5. 4/26/2006 – Nicaragua, Matagalpa: Elder Hogar Improvement Project Team: Nick Carey, Gita Dombrowski, Jeremiah Hess, Chris Lastomirsky Objectives Conserve water Improve crop production Design and construct an irrigation system Help sustain economy for Hogar Improve health conditions

6. 4/26/2006 – Nicaragua, Matagalpa: Elder Hogar Improvement Project Team: Nick Carey, Gita Dombrowski, Jeremiah Hess, Chris Lastomirsky Project Benchmarks Verification that the water needs are met Verification of reduced water use Future assessment team to verify effectiveness

7. 4/26/2006 – Nicaragua, Matagalpa: Elder Hogar Improvement Project Team: Nick Carey, Gita Dombrowski, Jeremiah Hess, Chris Lastomirsky Project Constraints Water quality Evapotranspiration/Soil Quality/Permeability/Infiltration Water table and recharge rate Availability of materials Theft

8. 4/26/2006 – Nicaragua, Matagalpa: Elder Hogar Improvement Project Team: Nick Carey, Gita Dombrowski, Jeremiah Hess, Chris Lastomirsky Orchard Layout Initial Information 16 rows, 16 trees per row –15 ft tree spacing –20 ft row spacing –Approx. 2 acres Relatively level ground

9. 4/26/2006 – Nicaragua, Matagalpa: Elder Hogar Improvement Project Team: Nick Carey, Gita Dombrowski, Jeremiah Hess, Chris Lastomirsky Water System Layout Pump –Supplies 75 gpm to orchard –15 psi at outlet –Approx. 500 ft from 3” tee –Pump draws 150 gpm from well Tank –8000 gallons –Approx. 300 ft from 3” tee –Approx. 800 ft from Well –20 ft elevation

10. 4/26/2006 – Nicaragua, Matagalpa: Elder Hogar Improvement Project Team: Nick Carey, Gita Dombrowski, Jeremiah Hess, Chris Lastomirsky Water Storage & Conservation Solutions Use Runoff Culvert for a Retaining Pond Roof Rainwater Catchment System Use Conservation Education –Limit daytime laundering –Morning/evening irrigation –Proper watering cycle

11. 4/26/2006 – Nicaragua, Matagalpa: Elder Hogar Improvement Project Team: Nick Carey, Gita Dombrowski, Jeremiah Hess, Chris Lastomirsky Possible Solutions Drip Irrigation System Improved Row and Furrow Dyke and Basin

12. 4/26/2006 – Nicaragua, Matagalpa: Elder Hogar Improvement Project Team: Nick Carey, Gita Dombrowski, Jeremiah Hess, Chris Lastomirsky Drip System Design Objectives Minimal Maintenance Easy Adjustment & Repair Flexible Irrigation Cycle Cheapest Drip System

13. 4/26/2006 – Nicaragua, Matagalpa: Elder Hogar Improvement Project Team: Nick Carey, Gita Dombrowski, Jeremiah Hess, Chris Lastomirsky Drip System Design Non Standard Emitters Flexible Piping

14. 4/26/2006 – Nicaragua, Matagalpa: Elder Hogar Improvement Project Team: Nick Carey, Gita Dombrowski, Jeremiah Hess, Chris Lastomirsky Drip System Alternatives Multi-outlet Emitters Hard Pipe

15. 4/26/2006 – Nicaragua, Matagalpa: Elder Hogar Improvement Project Team: Nick Carey, Gita Dombrowski, Jeremiah Hess, Chris Lastomirsky Maintenance and Operation Irrigation System Training –Maintenance –Schedule Non-Timed Valve Operated

16. 4/26/2006 – Nicaragua, Matagalpa: Elder Hogar Improvement Project Team: Nick Carey, Gita Dombrowski, Jeremiah Hess, Chris Lastomirsky Project Implementation Materials Procurement Site Assessment Final System Layout Implementation Results

17. 4/26/2006 – Nicaragua, Matagalpa: Elder Hogar Improvement Project Team: Nick Carey, Gita Dombrowski, Jeremiah Hess, Chris Lastomirsky Materials Procurement Project Implementation Valves, T’s, connections, ¼” drip tube bought in Portland 300 ft - 2” Hardpipe and 2000 ft - ¾” Flexpipe from Managua 140 ft - 3” Hardpipe in Sébaco

18. 4/26/2006 – Nicaragua, Matagalpa: Elder Hogar Improvement Project Team: Nick Carey, Gita Dombrowski, Jeremiah Hess, Chris Lastomirsky Assessment Project Implementation

19. 4/26/2006 – Nicaragua, Matagalpa: Elder Hogar Improvement Project Team: Nick Carey, Gita Dombrowski, Jeremiah Hess, Chris Lastomirsky Assessment Project Implementation Surveyed orchard –Measured row/tree spacing, distances from pump/ elevated tank to orchard Infiltrometer Test Surprises –Not using row and furrow –Strange orchard geometry –Many dead trees

20. 4/26/2006 – Nicaragua, Matagalpa: Elder Hogar Improvement Project Team: Nick Carey, Gita Dombrowski, Jeremiah Hess, Chris Lastomirsky Implementation Project Implementation Dug trench for 3” and 2” hardpipe Laid pipe Fitted valves Connected ¾” flextube Connected ¼” microtubing

21. 4/26/2006 – Nicaragua, Matagalpa: Elder Hogar Improvement Project Team: Nick Carey, Gita Dombrowski, Jeremiah Hess, Chris Lastomirsky Implementation Project Implementation

22. 4/26/2006 – Nicaragua, Matagalpa: Elder Hogar Improvement Project Team: Nick Carey, Gita Dombrowski, Jeremiah Hess, Chris Lastomirsky Final System Layout

23. 4/26/2006 – Nicaragua, Matagalpa: Elder Hogar Improvement Project Team: Nick Carey, Gita Dombrowski, Jeremiah Hess, Chris Lastomirsky Results Project Implementation Infiltration Test (Single Ring Infiltrometer) 0.966 gal/(ft 2 min) ¼” Drip Tube Flowrate 0.396 gpm (24 gph) – last tree on first branch 0.159 gpm (9.5 gph) – last tree on last branch Advised watering cycle Awaiting confirmation on reduced water use

24. 4/26/2006 – Nicaragua, Matagalpa: Elder Hogar Improvement Project Team: Nick Carey, Gita Dombrowski, Jeremiah Hess, Chris Lastomirsky Successful Implementation

25. 4/26/2006 – Nicaragua, Matagalpa: Elder Hogar Improvement Project Team: Nick Carey, Gita Dombrowski, Jeremiah Hess, Chris Lastomirsky Questions?