1. MATT LAMBORN Pacific Geodata, LLC / Lamborn Family Vineyards TOWLE MERRITT Walsh Vineyards Management VINEYARD COOLING STUDY

2. STUDY PARTICIPANTS & SPONSORS Diageo / Beaulieu Vineyard Walsh Vineyards Management Pacific Geodata Edwards Engineering Jain Irrigation Nelson Irrigation Advanced Viticulture Fruitfly Wine Sciences Vinquiry Additional funding sponsors (Phases II/III) Close Pegase Cuvaison Price Family Vineyards Silverado Farming Company Sonoma County Water Agency VINEYARD COOLING STUDY

3. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Increase in mean temperatures / extreme heat events Seeking to protect fruit / vines from heat Minimize water use Little to no formal research on vineyard cooling VINEYARD COOLING STUDY

4. EFFECTS OF EXTREME HEAT ON VINES & FRUIT Limited research on the subject, but a few common themes emerge: ↑ sunburn and dehydration ↓ harvest weights ↓ acids while ↑ pH ↓ photosynthesis ↓ anthocyanins VINEYARD COOLING STUDY

5. POTENTIAL BENEFITS OF VINEYARD COOLING ↓ temperatures (air, leaf, fruit, and soil) ↑ relative humidity ↓ transpirational stress greater acid/pH balance ↓ direct solar radiation while ↑ diffuse solar radiation (which enhances photosynthesis) through the use of misting or fogging microsprayers Possible retention/balance of anthocyanins and other phenolics VINEYARD COOLING STUDY

6. STUDY LOCATION BV2 vineyard in Rutherford

7. VINEYARD COOLING STUDY SPRAYERS Tested numerous misters & microsprayers Criteria for successful sprayer: Pattern / size of spray relative to flow rate Susceptibility to plugging Chose a microsprayer from Jain Irrigation Converted from a drip emitter 1 GPH flow rate Self-flushing & pressure compensating Also looked at Nelson R5 pop-up sprayer ~16’ spray radius

8. VINEYARD COOLING STUDY COOLING SYSTEM DESIGN Vineyard planted to CS in 1996 8’ x 8’ spacing, VSP 3 test plot configurations: Control (no cooling) 2 microsprayers per vine above canopy 1 Nelson R5 pop-up @ 16’ x 16’ 2 nd drip hose supplied water to sprayers Sprayers connected to 2 nd drip hose using spaghetti line Microsprayer flow rate: 1,484 GPH/ac Pop-up flow rate: 1,531 GPH/ac

9. VINEYARD COOLING STUDY TEST PLOT LAYOUT

10. VINEYARD COOLING STUDY TEMPERATURE MONITORING

11. VINEYARD COOLING STUDY WHEN TO RUN THE SYSTEM? 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 90919293949596979899100 Trigger temperature ( º F) Number of events Maximum Minimum Median 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 90919293949596979899100 Trigger temperature ( º F) Duration (hours) Maximum Median

12. VINEYARD COOLING STUDY COOLING SYSTEM OPERATION

13. VINEYARD COOLING STUDY COOLING SYSTEM OPERATION Nelson R5 Pop-UpJain Microsprayer

14. VINEYARD COOLING STUDY COOLING RESULTS (2011)

15. COOLING TREATMENTS REVIEW VINEYARD COOLING STUDY flowrate (gph)spacing (ft)# per acre flowrate per acre (gph) R5 pop-up916x 1701,531 Microsprayers1.094x81,3611,484

16. THANK YOU! VINEYARD COOLING STUDY PACIFIC GEODATA