1. Birds’ nests Marvels of architecture and design Smt.A.ParameswariPRT(Adhoc)KV-TVR

2. This is a cup nest made by a Blackbird. The nest has been woven out of stalks of grass.

3. This is a cup nest made by a Scottish Crossbill Look how the thickest twigs are on the outside of the nest. The nest is lined with feathers and animal hairs.

4. The Reed Warbler makes a deep cup nest. It is found in reeds near water. It uses reeds to support the nest. Nest types – Woven nests

5. Look how carefully the Reed Warbler has attached its nest to the reeds?

6. What do birds build nests from?  Sticks and twigs  Grass stalks and reeds  Mosses and lichens  Leaves and down from plants  Mud  Feathers  Hair and fur from other animals  Spiders’ silk  Man-made materials

7. What are the materials used for?  Building the nest  Holding the nest together  Camouflaging the nest  Lining the nest to make it soft and warm

8. Birds use materials with different properties to build their nests  Sticks and twigs are strong  Grass and reeds are flexible  Plant down, feathers, animal hair and fur are soft and light  Spiders silk is sticky and elastic  Wet mud can be moulded and used for cementing other materials together

10. Why do birds build nests?  To lay their eggs in and keep them safe  To incubate their eggs  To raise their chicks  For protection from predators  For protection from weather

11. Where do birds build nests?  On the ground  In bushes and trees  In holes in trees  In reeds by rivers, ponds and lakes  In tunnels in river banks  On cliff ledges  On buildings, on ledges, under the eaves of roofs and chimneys

12. What do birds build nests from?  Sticks and twigs  Grass stalks and reeds  Mosses and lichens  Leaves and down from plants  Mud  Feathers  Hair and fur from other animals  Spiders’ silk  Man-made materials

13. What are the materials used for?  Building the nest  Holding the nest together  Camouflaging the nest  Lining the nest to make it soft and warm

14. Birds use materials with different properties to build their nests  Sticks and twigs are strong  Grass and reeds are flexible  Plant down, feathers, animal hair and fur are soft and light  Spiders silk is sticky and elastic  Wet mud can be moulded and used for cementing other materials together

15. How do birds build their nests?  Birds can use their beaks and feet to build their nests.  Birds can use their beaks and feet to carry materials.  Birds can shape their nests by rocking and turning around in their nests. Birds use their bodies and their brains to build nests.  Birds build their nests better and quicker with practise.

16. Nest types - scrapes Some birds make a hollow in the ground to lay their eggs. These hollows are called scrapes. Some birds line their scrapes with grass to make a cushion between the ground and the eggs.

17. This is a scrape of a bird called the Oystercatcher. The eggs are camouflaged amongst the small pebbles and shells on a beach. Can you see the eggs?

18. Nest types - platform Some birds make very simple flat nests out of twigs. These nests are called platform nests. Large birds such as Rooks, Magpies and Crows make these types of nest. Birds drop sticks and twigs on the top of each other to make this type of nest.

19. This is a platform nest made by a Wood Pigeon. Can you see that the twigs have been laid on top of each other?

20. Nest types - Cup Some birds make a nest shaped like a cup. These nests can be made from small twigs, grass stalks and moss. They can be lined with feathers, plant down or the hair or fur from other animals.

21. This is a cup nest made by a Song Thrush. The nest is made from twigs, grass and moss. The nest is lined with mud and rotten wood.

22. This is a cup nest made by a Blackbird. The nest has been woven out of stalks of grass.

23. This is a cup nest made by a Whitethroat. The nest is made from stalks of grass. The stalks have been bent to make the nest.

24. This is a cup nest made by a Scottish Crossbill Look how the thickest twigs are on the outside of the nest. The nest is lined with feathers and animal hairs.

25. The Reed Warbler makes a deep cup nest. It is found in reeds near water. It uses reeds to support the nest. Nest types – Woven nests

26. Look how carefully the Reed Warbler has attached its nest to the reeds?

27. The Long Tailed Tit makes a beautiful and delicate nest. The nest is made from moss and is stuck together with spiders’ cocoon silk. The nest is elastic and expands as the chicks grow inside it.

28. The nest of the Long Tailed Tit is covered with lichen to camouflage it. It is filled with feathers to make it soft and warm inside. There can be 2,000 feathers in the nest. A Long Tailed Tit can fly 600-700 miles collecting the feathers for its nest.

29. The House Martin builds a cup shaped nest against walls under eaves of roofs. The nest has been made of mud and lined with grass. Why does it look like half a cup? Other nests – half a cup

30. The House Martin uses mud to build its nest. Look at the pellets of mud the nest has been made from.

31. A Blue Tit makes its nest in ready made holes in trees and use nesting boxes put up in gardens. Look at the different layers in this nest. This nest was made in a nesting box. How can you tell? Other nests – in holes

32. Birds often use man-made materials in their nests. What materials have been used in this nest? This is part of a Jackdaw’s nest.

33. Some birds make their nests in tunnels. A Kingfisher uses its beak and feet to dig a tunnel in river bank. It makes its nest at the end of the tunnel. Other nests – tunnels

34. What are the following nests made from?

35. The nest of a Blackbird

36. The nest of a House Martin

37. The nest of a Long Tailed Tit

38. The nest of a Reed Warbler

39. The nest of a Scottish Crossbill

40. The nest of a Song Thrush

41. The nest of a Wood Pigeon

42. Birds and their nest building