1. Fall Prevention on Highwalls Practices Near a Safe Practices Near a Highwall Crest

2. n 30 CFR Part 56.15005 “Safety Belts and Lines Shall Be Worn When Persons Work Where There Is Danger of Falling….” * * The single most common safety violation found in mining deaths: contributed to 37 fatalities 1990-98.

3. n Part 56.7003: Drill sites must be inspected for hazards before drilling begins. n Part 56.11001: All working places must have a safe access.* n Part 56.14100: Equipment must be inspected and defects corrected.** n Part 56.18002: Working places must be examined for hazards. n Part 56.20003: Working places must be kept clean and orderly. * Second most common violation found at mine fatalities. **Third most common violation found at mine fatalities. Other Requirements

4. Program Objectives n Identify Hazards n Provide Solutions n Identify Fall Prevention Priorities

5. What Are the Hazards? n Slips/trips/falls n Unstable Ground n Equipment n Unauthorized or Untrained Persons

6. Slip/Trip/Fall Hazards n Working Close to Crest n Bad Weather n Boreholes n Cracks n Clutter

7. Working Close to Crest n 6 Feet or Less n 6 Feet or Less From Stable Crest n 6 Feet or Less n 6 Feet or Less From Unstable Ground or Footing The Fall Hazard Zone

8. Working Close to Edge FALL PROTECTION REQUIRED –Visual Warnings Signs or Tape Cones or Boulders Paint or Chalk –Physical Barriers Berms or Boulders Handrails Fencing Cables –Belt or Harness and Lanyard –Buddy System –Visual Warnings Signs or Tape Cones or Boulders Paint or Chalk –Physical Barriers Berms or Boulders Handrails Fencing Cables –Belt or Harness and Lanyard –Buddy System

9. Bad Weather n Wind n Snow n Ice n Rain n Mud n Fog

10. –Rubble (Bench Prep) –Proper Footware –Lighting –Improve Walking Surfaces –Add Antislip Material –Scrape off Ice or Mud –Adjust Scheduling –Rubble (Bench Prep) –Proper Footware –Lighting –Improve Walking Surfaces –Add Antislip Material –Scrape off Ice or Mud –Adjust Scheduling Bad Weather

11. Clutter n Solutions –Tools and Equipment –Essential Equipment Only –Properly Maintained Equipment –Housekeeping –Shot Wires, Tubes, or Cord –Trim Excess Wire –Snug up Tube Connections to Collar –Orderly Layout and Hookup n Solutions –Tools and Equipment –Essential Equipment Only –Properly Maintained Equipment –Housekeeping –Shot Wires, Tubes, or Cord –Trim Excess Wire –Snug up Tube Connections to Collar –Orderly Layout and Hookup n Problems –Rubble –Tools and Equipment –Loading Poles –Packaging –Shot Wires, Tubes, or Cord

12. Boreholes Solutions –Mark Holes Flags Stakes Paint/chalk –Cover Holes –Trim Rigid Liners Solutions –Mark Holes Flags Stakes Paint/chalk –Cover Holes –Trim Rigid Liners Problems n Cuttings n Rigid Liners n Hole Itself

13. Cracks –Awareness and Communication –Filling –Marking –Awareness and Communication –Filling –Marking

14. Unstable Ground Hazards n Overhangs n Backbreak n Cavities n Sloping Crests n Low Angle Slips

15. Unstable Ground Solutions n Use Competent Persons n Examine the Workplace –From Base of Highwall –From Bench n Profile of Face n Identify Hazardous Area

16. Overhang

17. Backbreak

18. Cavities

19. 6’ Sloping Crest

20. Slips & Faults

21. Equipment Hazards n Pushed n Pushed Over Highwall n Pulled n Pulled Over Highwall n Driven n Driven Over Highwall n Plan Job Activities n Position Equipment and Operate Safely n Lockout and Tagout n Inspect and Maintain Equipment Solutions Ed’s Drilling Ed’s Drilling DANGEREXPLOSIVES

22. Unauthorized or Untrained Persons Hazards n Lack of Knowledge n Distractions n Unpredictability Duh!Duh!

23. Unauthorized or Untrained Persons - Solutions n Unauthorized –Prevent Entry –Visual Warnings And/or Physical Barriers –Contact Appropriate Authority n Untrained –Give Appropriate Training –Accompany Untrained Persons

24. Fall Prevention Priorities Ê Determine Fall Hazard Zone: –No Physical Barrier and –6 Feet or Less From Stable Crest or –6 Feet or Less From Unstable Ground or Footing Ë Use Fall Prevention if NOT POSSIBLE …if NOT POSSIBLE... Ì Use Fall Arrest

25. Fall Prevention n Use Physical Barriers n Create Visual Warnings With Physical Barriers n Persons in Fall Hazard Zone Should Use: –Safety Belts or Harness n Lanyard Should Be Shorter Than Distance From Crest to Tie off Point n Use Physical Barriers n Create Visual Warnings With Physical Barriers n Persons in Fall Hazard Zone Should Use: –Safety Belts or Harness n Lanyard Should Be Shorter Than Distance From Crest to Tie off Point

26. Fall Arrest (The LAST Resort) n Harness Preferred n Tie off to Rear D-ring n Use Decelerating or Shock Absorbing Lanyard When You Can Fall Over the Edge

27. Tie Off Anchorage n Fall Prevention –Anchorage Should Hold at Least 3 Times the Weight of the Persons Attached T-bars Mobile Equipment n Fall Arrest –Anchorage Should Hold at Least 5,000 Pounds Per Person Attached Mobile Equipment

28. T-Bars

29. Equipment Tie Off Procedures n Lockout and Tagout Equipment n Park in Safe Location –Parallel to Face if Possible except drills –On Stable Ground n Use Secure Anchorage Point n Avoid Lanyard Entanglements and Damage n Lockout and Tagout Equipment n Park in Safe Location –Parallel to Face if Possible except drills –On Stable Ground n Use Secure Anchorage Point n Avoid Lanyard Entanglements and Damage

30. Lockout/tagout n Transmission in “Park” or In Gear n Tied off Person has Ignition Key n Parking Brake Engaged n Steering Wheel or Clutch Lock Installed n Wheels Chocked n Transmission in “Park” or In Gear n Tied off Person has Ignition Key n Parking Brake Engaged n Steering Wheel or Clutch Lock Installed n Wheels Chocked

31. Anchoring for Drillers n Drillers should use caution when tying off to a drill. Is there a better alternative? n Never position a drill parallel to the highwall n If you must tie off to a drill, it should be: –Properly locked/tagged out OR OR –Jacks or outriggers extended

32. Personal Fall Protection Equipment n Use Equipment That Meets ANSI A10.14 Standard, “Safety Belts, Harnesses, Lanyards & Lifelines” n Train Employees in the Use of: –Harnesses –Belts –Lanyards –Clips, Rings, and Other Accessories n Use and Maintain According to Manufacturer’s Instructions n Inspect Equipment Before Each Use

33. Summary n Good Judgment and Awareness Are Keys to Working Safely n Continually Examine Your Workplace and Assess Your Fall Hazards n Remember the Fall Hazard Zone n Use Safe Anchorage n Use the Right Equipment According to Manufacturer’s Recommendations n Good Judgment and Awareness Are Keys to Working Safely n Continually Examine Your Workplace and Assess Your Fall Hazards n Remember the Fall Hazard Zone n Use Safe Anchorage n Use the Right Equipment According to Manufacturer’s Recommendations

34. Disclaimer This program has been developed by MSHA and representatives of the mining community for the purpose of providing information on the hazards of working near highwall crests. Because these hazards are site specific and MSHA fall protection standards are performance oriented, this program does not establish official MSHA policy on all possible methods of compliance at every mining operation. Instead, this program provides suggestions and recommendations to the mining industry for educational purposes.

35. MSHA wishes to thank the following organizations for their help in preparing this program. n Institute of Makers of Explosives n National Stone Association n Drill & Blast Solutions n National Industrial Sand Association n United Steelworkers of America n US Silica Company