1. CEILING FINISHES DRYWALL CEILINGS MWANGI DAVID KAMAU B02/0893/2012 NDUHIU EMMA WANJIRU B02/0898/2012

2. Drywall is a panel made of gypsum plaster pressed between two thick sheets of paper. It’s quick, easy to use and cheap to install.

3. DRYWALL SIZES  The standard and most common size is 8 feet by 4 feet.  Thickness – half inch or 5/8 inch panels to prevent the ceiling from sagging  Mainly imported from China

5. Acoustic drywall texture  the specially made popcorn texture must be mixed into mud or joint compound and applied via a special machine equipped with an air hose. Glitter or other decorations may be added to the mixture for special effects.  Easy to remove. Simply spray the area with water and scrape it with a knife.

6. Orange peel drywall  achieved by spraying on joint compound that has been thinned.  created by using taping mud that is thinned out and sprayed on the ceiling.  the look will be different according to the size of the nozzle on the sprayer you are using as well as how far away from the wall you stand.  This texture needs to be painted after it is applied.

7. Knockdown drywall  The orange peel effect is knocked down by the use of a drywall knife - a wider one - on the compound that has begun to dry somewhat is what flattens the drywall. This creates a kind of bumpy drywall texture when it is complete and often has unique patterns that are a part of the ceiling.  This texture will need to be painted after it is applied.  Costly and time consuming due to priming and painting.

8. Mud swirl  Firstly sand the ceiling paying attention to the perimeters  Apply mud to the ceiling then immediately create swirls with a swirling brush before it dries up  Perform in rows with the second row overlapping the first and the third overlapping the second until the whole ceiling is complete.

9. Brush textures  are very popular, they look good and are easy to do.  the use of a drywall texture brush. This brush can be used for simple fast textures to unusual and unique texture that are eye catching.

10. Skim coating  used in areas with high humidity, bathrooms and kitchens, or when homeowners want to put wallpaper on the ceiling.  flat surface to even imperfections so that hanging wallpaper will be easier or to provide a surface that is easy to clean.  consists of a very thin coating of all-purpose drywall mud applied with a 10- or 12-inch trowel.

11. ADVANTAGES  Inexpensive – labor costs for installation  Fire-resistant  Easy to install  Less vulnerable to cracking than plaster  Asbestos free  Noise-proof

12. DISADVANTAGES  Can be damaged by settling of the building or home-owner accidents  Susceptible to water damage - prevented by covalent waterproofing  Mold problems and termite

13. SUSTAINABILITY  Drywall is the third producer of green house gases among building materials after steel and cement.  The production generates a lot of carbon dioxide, it leaves a lot of gypsum mines which damage the environment and the energy used to fire the kilns in which it’s produced is immense.

14. INNOVATION  An alternative more sustainable material that has been developed to replace gypsum boards is EcoRock.  made of fly ash, slag, kiln dust and fillers  85% industrial by-products.  fully recyclable  not susceptible to mold and termites like traditional drywall  80% less energy in production.