1. Lesson 20- Building and Destroying 1. deleterious 2. despoil 3. effectual 4. jettison 5. obviate 6. pinnacle 7. raze 8. stultify 9. surmount 10. wrest

2. 1. deleterious (adv) a) Having a harmful effect. Related Words: deleteriously; deleteriousness. Ex: When the pesticide DDT was found to be deleterious to humans, it was removed from the market

3. 2. despoil (verb) a) To deprive of possessions or property by force; plunder; rob. Related Word: despoliation Ex: Alexander the Great’s army despoiled the ancient city of Tyre.

4. 3. effectual (adj) a) Producing or sufficient to produce a desired result; fully effectual. Rel. Word: effectually Ex: Ms. Sung knew that her methods of encouraging students to do research were effectual.

5. 4. jettison (verb) a) To discard as unwanted or burdensome. b) To cast off or overboard. Ex: After listening to her staff’s objections, the manager jettisoned the marketing plan.

6. 5. obviate (verb) a. To prevent by anticipating; make unnecessary. Rel. Word: obviation. Ex: By careful planning, the operators of the new business obviated many of the difficulties often encountered by young entrpreneurs.

7. 6. pinnacle (noun) a) The highest point; summit; acme. b) A tall, pointed formation, such as a mountain peak. c) A small turret or spire on a roof or buttress. Ex: The pinnacle of achievement for many dramatic actors is to perform the role of Hamlet.

8. 7. raze (verb) a) To tear down or demolish; level to the ground. b) To scrape or shave off. Ex: During WWII, bombs razed many buildings.

9. 8. stultify (verb) a) To render useless or inadequate; cripple. b) To cause to appear stupid, inconsistent, or ridiculous. Rel. Word: stultification Ex: Forcing a reluctant piano student to practice may stultify a natural interest in music.

10. 9. surmount (verb) a) To overcome; conquer. b) To ascend to the top of; climb. Rel. Word: surmount Ex: In the poem “Invictus,” William Ernest Hensley wrote of his determination to surmount all difficulties.

11. 10. wrest (verb) a) To obtain by or as by pulling with violent twisting movements. b) To usurp forcefully. c) To extract by force, guile, or persistent effort. Wring. Ex: In North America, the British eventually wrested Canada from French control.