1. Save "U.S." From the Civil War! Describe, evaluate, and create the compromises that "resolved" the 1820-1857 slavery debate. Answer: Why did the South advocate for slavery? Why did so many Northerners support abolition?

2. Missouri Compromise 1820-1821 Map Compromise Structure 1.Missouri was added to the US as a slave state. 2.Maine was added to the US as a free state. 3.The Arkansas Territory was open to slavery. 4.The Unorganized Territory was closed to slavery. 5.The 36˚30' Line said that all states above will become and all states below will become slave states.

3. Missouri Compromise 1820-1821 Northern Reaction North feared the expansion of slavery in the United States Desired to maintain the balance between the free and slave states (Senate) Southern Reaction South desired to expand slavery across the US They also hoped to gain new lands in the area of Mexico to create more southern plantations

4. Missouri Compromise 1820-1821 Outcomes/Results of the Act: The Missouri Compromise acted as a "band-aid" for the country between the Free North and the Slave South. The country was facing a serious conflict over the issue of slavery and the issue had caused a heated debate that had drove a wedge between the North and the South. The 36˚30' Line created a boundary that would stop the spread of slavery for the South. The South was displeased with the result of the Missouri Compromise and 36˚30' Line. The unity of the country was in jeopardy over the issue of slavery after the Missouri Compromise was decided!

5. The Compromise of 1850 5 Provisions to the Compromise 1. California admitted as a FREE state 2. Utah & New Mexico given popular sovereignty 3. Texas/Mexico boundary resolved: Texas paid $10 million by federal govt 4. Slave Trade banned in DC; Slavery continued 5. Fugitive Slave Act

6. Compromise of 1850 Northern Reaction Gave in to Southern demands in attempt to delay secession Abolitionists angered at the Fugitive Slave Act Southern Reaction Delayed secession Fugitive Slave Act pleased Southerners

7. Compromise of 1850 Outcomes/Results of the Act: Made another compromise inevitable Introduced the idea of Popular Sovereignty as a means of compromise

8. Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 Organized the state governments of Kansas & Nebraska Popular sovereignty in the territories of Kansas & Nebraska

9. Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 Northern Reaction Pottawatomie Massacre John Brown angered by popular sovereignty hatred towards Stephen A. Douglas Sen. Charles Sumner condemns Southerners for fomenting violence in Kansas Southern Reaction pro-slavery violence in Kansas pleased with the expansion of slavery and new potential political power Lecompton constitution Rep. Preston Brooks beats Sen. Charles Sumner on the Senate floor

10. Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 Outcomes/Results of the Act: Slavery is allowed to potentially expand north of the Missouri Compromise line of 36°30'N Concept of popular sovereignty fails The institution of slavery is essentially perpetual The South could establish and maintain a congressional majority Stephen A. Douglas loses his bid for the 1856 Democratic presidential nomination Bleeding Kansas Kansas admitted as a free state (1861)

11. Supreme Court Chief Justice Roger B. Taney rules that a slave holds no rights in any state, free or slave. The court also finds that the Missouri Compromise (and ensuing acts) were unconstitutional. Scott v. Sanford (1857)

12. Northern Reaction increase in abolitionist sentiments Harper's Ferry Raid growing appeal of anti- slavery political platforms (the Republican party) Lincoln's "House Divided" speech waning support for compromise on slavery Southern Reaction enthusiastic; slavery expanded the preservation of slavery = the preservation of the Union the case supported the concept of states' rights

13. Scott v. Sanford (1857) Outcomes/Results of the case: Removed all barriers to the expansion of slavery Dissolution of the Missouri Compromise Loss of Northern political dominance Divided the Democratic party in the Election of 1860 Increased opposition to slavery in the North Emboldened Southern supporters of slavery Strengthened the Republican platform & its public support