1. Created by Bob Brousek 2005 THE COMPROMISES OVER SLAVERY

2. History Theme: Compromise has helped shape history. Regional differences on issues will begin to divide the country.

3. SECTIONALISM ISSUENORTHWESTSOUTH Tariffs Labor Western Land Currency Improvements Daniel Webster (Mass) Henry Clay (KY) John Calhoun (S.C.) Loyalty to a region Click on the photographs for additional information.

4. SECTIONALISM ISSUENORTHWESTSOUTH TariffsHIGH LOW Labor Western Land Currency Improvements Taxes on Imported goods

5. SECTIONALISM ISSUENORTHWESTSOUTH TariffsHIGH LOW LaborFREE SLAVE Western Land Currency Improvements

6. SECTIONALISM ISSUENORTHWESTSOUTH TariffsHIGH LOW LaborFREE SLAVE Western Land EXPENSIVE CHEAP Currency Improvements

7. SECTIONALISM ISSUENORTHWESTSOUTH TariffsHIGH LOW LaborFREE SLAVE Western Land EXPENSIVE CHEAP Currency RELIABLE CHEAP $ Improvements Money based On gold Use Paper Money

8. SECTIONALISM ISSUENORTHWESTSOUTH TariffsHIGH LOW LaborFREE SLAVE Western Land EXPENSIVE CHEAP Currency RELIABLE CHEAP $ Improvements YES NO Such as the building of roads and canals

9. It marked the beginning of the prolonged sectional conflict over the extension of slavery that led to the American Civil War. The Missouri Compromise of 1820 View the Missouri Compromise Document

10. In 1819, Missouri wanted to enter the Union. However, there were already 11 free states and 11 slave states. Why did Missouri create a problem?

11. Solution: Senator Henry Clay suggested drawing a line at the 36º-30' N. latitude. Slavery would be banned everywhere north of this line. Missouri would join as a slave state, Maine as a free state.

12. The Missouri Compromise 36  - 30’ Line Balance slave and free states in the future. South has eyes on Texas. Click here to access a map of the Congressional vote

13. The Mexican War 1846-1848 Click here to access a timeline of the Mexican War

14. Causes of the War with Mexico n Annexation of Texas n Rio Grande or Nueces??? n America wanted Mexican Territory –$30 million offered for New Mexico & California –1846-minor clash took place in disputed land between the rivers

15. U.S. Claims Rio Grande as the border. Mexico claims Nueces River as the border. BORDER DISPUTE

16. Spot Resolution n Lincoln told President Polk he would vote for the war only if he was shown the SPOT where the US was invaded n Some Northerners believed it was a southern “trick” to expand slavery Click here to view Lincoln’s Spot Resolution

17. Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo n America gains a relatively quick and easy military victory---takes longer to march South than to win the war n Rio Grande established as Southern border of Texas n Mexican Cession for $15 million –Parts of present day California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico

18. Problem: After the war with Mexico (1848) what would the U.S. do with lands west of the Rocky Mountains? The Missouri Compromise only applied to lands east of the Rockies. California Gold Rush of 1849

19. COMPROMISE OF 1850 CALIFORNIA WANTS TO JOIN UNION AS A FREE STATE POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY - LET PEOPLE VOTE TERRITORIES ABOLISH SELLING OF SLAVES IN D.C. STRICTER FUGITIVE SLAVE LAW Ad for a Runaway Slave See An Example of Northern resistance to the Fugitive Slave Law

20. These territories were open to slavery. Enters as a Free State. Compromise of 1850

22. Click here to view the Kansas-Nebraska Act Legislation Click here to download the Kansas-Nebraska Act movie clip. Be patient as it is a 5.5 MB file to download.

23. KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT VIDEO QUESTIONS: 1. Why did Sen. Douglas propose the act? 2.How did this law affect the Missouri Compromise? Why? 3. How do some Northerners (especially in Wisconsin) react to this law?

24. Clay, Webster, & Calhoun will die shortly after the 1850 Compromise and with their deaths any hopes of future compromises. Hostilities will erupt in Kansas making evident that slavery has become an emotional moral issue by the 1850’s.