1. THE DISASTER AFTER THE DISASTER The Societal Impacts of a Health-Care Disaster After a Flood Disaster can Equal or Eclipse the Flood’s Impacts Dr. Walter Hays, Global Alliance For Disaster Reduction

2. THE SECOND DISASTER

3. WHAT CAN HAPPEN AFTER THE FIRST DISASTER WATER BORNE AND WATER RELATED DISEASES POLLUTION ENVIRONMENTAL DEAD ZONES

4. WATER BORNE AND WATER RELATED DISEASES When the water begins to recede after a regional flood, government officials should warn of the health- care risks from dangerous bacteria and the diseases they cause, mosquitoes (in some cases), and pollution.

5. E-COLI AND TETNUS The flood waters that seep into water wells across a flooded region will cause health problems related to the reduction in the quality of drinking water for tens of thousands.

6. E-COLI AND TETNUS Hazardous materials that leach into the flood waters will exacerbate the danger.

7. MOULD Mold, which begins growing within 24 hours, can cause severe allergic reactions and potentially fatal respiratory seizures,

8. POLLUTION Flood waters loaded with fertilizer and runoff with farm debris dramatically increases soil and water pollution along an entire river system (e.g., the Mississippi River) and adds to or starts new “dead zones.”

9. ENVIRONMENTAL DEAD ZONE A dead zone is a region that gradually becomes starved for oxygen, and, over time, reaches the point where it can not sustain fish, or any other aquatic life.

10. The “dead zone” in the Gulf of Mexico, the largest in the Western Hemisphere, was caused by pollutants that entered the Mississippi River system after annual flooding.

11. DEAD ZONE IN GULF OF MEXICO

12. THE FIRST DISASTER: FLOODIING The Socioeconomic Impacts of Flooding are Always Devastating

13. EXAMPLE: FLOODNG IN THE MIDWESTERN AND MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAINAGE SYSTEMS, USA MARCH –JUNE, 2008

14. MIDWESTERN STATES, USA

15. SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS A Presidential disaster declaration 17 deaths Thousands evacuated Damaged homes and infrastructure Environmental impacts Clean up cost in the multi-millions Multi-state flooding expected after regional runoff

16. FLOODS IN MIDWESTERN USA Heavy prolonged rainfall of at least 30 cm (12 in) from a large storm system caused flooding in Texas, Arkansas, Missouri, Kentucky, Ohio, Illinois, and Indiana

18. MIDWEST AND MISSISSIPPI RIVER FLOODS: MARCH-JUNE, 2008

19. FLOODING: LANCASTER, TEXAS

20. FLOODING: NEWPORT, ARKANSAS

21. FLOODING:DES ARC, ARKANSAS

22. DES ARC, ARKANSAS: RE- PAIRING BREACH IN THE LEVEE

23. DES ARC, ARKANSAS: LOSS OF HOMES

24. FLOODING: PACIFIC, MISSOURI

25. FLOODING: DELTA, MISSOURI

26. PACIFIC, MISSOURI: SANDBAGS IN BUSINESS DISTRICT

27. FLOODING: JOPLIN, MISSOURI

29. FLOODING: CARTHAGE, MISSOURI

30. INUNDATED HIGHWAY 60 NEAR SPRINGFIELD, MISSOURI

31. FLOODING: SPRINGFIELD, MISSOURI

34. FLOODING: POPULAR BLUFF, MISSOURI

35. POPULAR BLUFF: EVACUEES IN SHELTER

36. FLOODING: PACIFIC, MISSOURI

37. VALLEY PARK, MISSOURI: NEW LEVEE TESTED

38. VALLEY PARK, MISSOURI: MAKING SANDBAGS

39. FENTON, MISSOURI: SANDBAG RIGADE,

40. MIAMITOWN, OHIO:TRACKING THE CREST

41. VALLEY PARK: MERAMEC RIVER AND HIGHWAY 141

42. VALLEY PARK, MISSOURI: MERAMEC RIVER AT 10 M (33.1 FT)

43. FLOODING: BOLIVAR, OHIO

44. BOLIVAR, OHIO: WILKSHIRE COUNTRY CLUB

45. MISSISSIPPI RIVER FLOODS BEGIN: JUNE 18TH

46. MIDWEST FLOODS: CEDAR RAPIDS, IOWA, JUNE 13TH

47. CEDAR RAPIDS, IOWA

48. OAKVILLE, ILLINOIS

49. WABASH VALLEY, INDIANA

50. GAYS MILL, WISCONSIN

51. MIDWEST FLOODS: CEDAR RAPIDS, IOWA, JUNE 17TH

52. MISSISSIPPI RIVER FLOODS: QUINCY, ILLINOIS; JUNE 18

53. URGENT NEED FOR EVACUATION HINDERED Evacuation was hindered by inundated roads, cresting rivers, and flight cancellations.

54. FLOODS INUNNDATE ROADS

55. DFW AIRPORT, TX: FLOODING CAUSED MANY CANCELLATIONS

56. EMERGENCY RESCUE OPERATIONS