1. Placing barcodes with precision against the Catalogue of Life Frank Bisby Executive Director: Species 2000 Species 2000 Secretariat University of Reading, UK www.sp2000.org

2. 1. Introduce the Catalogue of Life 2. Illustrate progress in giving full taxonomic precision and integrity – and ask whether these same issues impact on the collation of barcodes for identification purposes?

3. Catalogue of Life on-line service and CD-ROM Array of source databases for different higher taxa Dynamic Checklist & Web-service Annual Checklist DB on the Web DB on CD-ROM

10. CoL Management Classification ChiloBase Classification

12. CoL Management Classification SysMyr Classification

14. 1. Taxonomic institutions world-wide e.g. MNHN Paris; NIES, Tsukuba, Japan; Zoological Inst., St. Petersburg Russia; RBG Sydney, Australia; Missouri Botanical Garden, USA; ITIS/Smithsonian Inst. USA; Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, UK; Naturalis Museum, The Netherlands; The Natural History Museum, UK; CONABIO/ ITIS Mexico; 2. Regional taxonomic databases e.g. Fauna Europaea, ERMS, Euro+Med PlantBase, ITIS N.America, Species 2000 China Node, Species 2000 New Zealand, Australia Node (APNI, ABIF, AFD), etc. Partners and contributors to the Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life

15. 3. Specialist international networks e.g. FishBase; AlgaeBase; TicksBase; ILDIS LegumeWeb; AnnonBase; CIPA Sandflies, Paris; UNESCO Register of Marine Organisms. 4. The ‘Life Work’ of individual specialists e.g. TITAN-Cerambycidae (Tavakilian, Paris), Conifer Database (Farjon, London), Mite families (Moraes, Piricicaba), Ichneumonoidea (Yu, Canada) Partners and contributors to the Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life

18. Europe China Australia ITIS N. America ITIS N. America Global Checklist Global Checklist 1. Inspecting species from several hubs RegioRegio Regional Checklist Hubs

19. Europe China Australia ITIS N. America ITIS N. America Global Checklist Global Checklist Catalogue of Life Architecture II RegioRegio Regional Checklist Hubs e.g. S.Africae.g.Brazil

20. 13 editions from 1735 to 1770 4,400 species of animals & 7,700 species of plants have been catalogued Systema Naturae by Carl Linnaeus

21. Catalogue of Life 2007 Annual Checklist 2007 Annual Checklist 1,008,965 accepted species 79,393 accepted infraspecific taxa 538,364 synonyms 414,075 common names 7 th edition 47 taxonomic databases over 3,000 taxonomists around the world a partnership between Species 2000 & ITIS

23. I need to remind you that as well as being publicly funded……. ……………………. this is the work of a very large network of people…..

25. Major users of the Catalogue of Life Individual users on the Web (largest load from Google) Individual users of the 3,000 CDs(intended for developing countries) School Children(Jessica of Cape Cod) GBIF data portal (provides the principal index) CBD programmesClearing House Mechanism Global Taxonomy Initiative GSPC Target 1: Working List of Plants Biosafety Protocol Clearing House uBio US Library InitiativeCoL Taxonomic Hierarchy & Checklist CRIA BrazilBIOTA Sao Paulo project Chinese Academy of SciencesNational Biodiversity Hub SpeciesBase & Encyclopedia of Life – newly announced global programmes

26. 1. Introduce the Catalogue of Life 2. Illustrate progress in giving full taxonomic precision and integrity – and ask whether these same issues impact on the collation of barcodes for identification purposes?

27. Examples 1 & 2: using a group of Vicia (Vetch) species : Vicia serratifolia. Vicia narbonensis L. Vicia johannis.

28. Ascherson & Graebner 1909 including subsp. serratifolia Ascherson & Schweinf. / Schafer Plitmann 1967 including subsp. johannis Kupicha 1976 including subsps. serratifolia & johannis Maxted et al. 1991 Vicia narbonensis L. Taxonomic Concept Precision

29. Ascherson & Graebner Ascherson & Schweinf. Plitmann 1967 Kupicha 1976 Maxted et al. 1991 Vicia narbonensis L. Vicia serratifolia. Vicia johannis. Taxonomic Treatment Precision or Integrity

30. Ascherson & Graebner Ascherson & Schweinf. Plitmann 1967 Kupicha 1976 Maxted et al. 1991 Vicia narbonensis L. Vicia serratifolia. Vicia johannis. Taxonomic Treatment Precision or Integrity

31. Wrong! Checklist contains two duplications - Discrimination unlikely - Retrieval of comparative data inaccurate Vicia narbonensis L. Vicia serratifolia. Vicia johannis. Taxonomic Treatment Precision or Integrity

32. Ascherson & Graebner Ascherson & Schweinf. Plitmann 1967 Kupicha 1976 Maxted et al. 1991 Vicia narbonensis L. Vicia serratifolia. Vicia johannis. Taxonomic Treatment Precision or Integrity

33. Vicia narbonensis L. Vicia serratifolia. Vicia johannis. Wrong! Checklist contains ‘four’ omissions - Discrimination incomplete - Retrieval of comparative data incomplete Taxonomic Treatment Precision or Integrity

34. Ascherson & Graebner Ascherson & Schweinf. Plitmann 1967 Kupicha 1976 Maxted et al. 1991 Conclusion: - To achieve full coverage (each population or form in the checklist just one time) it is important for the checklist to follow accurately a single given taxonomic treatment or expert view

35. Example 3: The Genus Cytisus (Brooms) and segragates. Cytisus (Cytisus tribracteolatus) Cytisus, or a segregate genus Sarothamnus (Cytisus striatus or Sarothamnus striatus)

36. Cytisus Sarothamnus Polhill 1991 Wimmer 1832 Generic Precision or Integrity (Segregate genera) Cytisus scoparius Sarothamnus scoparius

37. Generic Precision or Integrity (Segregate genera) Forming the Species Checklist Cytisus Sarothamnus OK! – Generic Integrity Wrong! – Generic Integrity Lost

38. 3. Generic Precision (or Integrity) - Segregate genera 2. Taxonomic Treatment Precision (or Integrity) 1. Taxonomic Concept Precision Three types of taxonomic precision - that contribute quality to the Catalogue of Life - and that may impact the Barcode of Life?

39. Services: www.catalogueoflife.org Species 2000 organisation www.sp2000.org www.catalogueoflife.org www.sp2000.org ITIS organisation www.itis.gov