1. CHRISTOPHER DYE Is wealth good for your health?

2. CHRISTOPHER DYE Is wealth good for your health?

3. CHRISTOPHER DYE Is wealth good for your health?

4. CHRISTOPHER DYE Is wealth good for your health?

5. CHRISTOPHER DYE Is wealth good for your health?

6. CHRISTOPHER DYE Is wealth good for your health?

7. CHRISTOPHER DYE £$¥ Is wealth good for your health? Technology Environment Employment Education

8. Revolutions in England since 1500: industrial, health, economic 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 150016001700180019002000 Life expectancy at birth (yr) 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 GDP/capita (1990 I$)

9. The Preston curve (1975) Samuel H Preston University of Pennsylvania

10. The Millennium Preston Curve Source: Deaton, 2006

11. HANS ROSLING Karolinska Institut, Stockholm GAPMINDER FOUNDATION "Bring me my sword!"

16. "The grievous truth is that… the bottom billion will not—and cannot—be freed from poverty in our lifetimes."

17. Wealth is good for health?

18. "Wealthier is healthier" Pritchett & Summers 1993 58 countries with GDP/capita <$6000, 1960-85 5% increase in income 1% reduction in infant mortality Africa: +1.5% growth in 1980s saves 0.5m lives in 1990

20. Health is good for wealth?

24. WHO Commission on Macroeconomics and Health

25. REDUCES ABSENTEEISM BY ONE QUARTER IN KENYA

26. One third economic growth from "demographic gift" 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 19501960197019801990200020102020203020402050 Share population of working age East Asia Sub-Saharan Africa "Demographic dividends" and "economic miracles" From health to wealth? education economics governance public health family planning

28. Ireland, the Celtic tiger …growing workforce 1.2 1.7 2.2 195020002050 Working/non-working population Ireland UK Asia Falling fertility... 1.5 2.5 3.5 4.5 196019802000 Children/woman Ireland UK

29. And the Irish get wealthier... -3 -2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 19501960197019801990 Growth GDP/capita (%/yr)

30. HIV/AIDS cuts the productivity of tea pickers in Kenya

31. "To your health" More than a toast to economists D Malakoff (Science 2000) Price tag on productivity in USA, 1970-90 A year of life gained for 35-44 year-olds worth: Men $170,000 Women $120,000

32. Fiscal health: saving for retirement

33. Wealth is bad for health?

34. USA: wealthier but not healthier GDP #7 Life expectancy #42 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 19861991199620012006 Number uninsured (m) 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Percent uninsured

35. Health in a sweeter world 0 100 200 300 400 500 poorest 1234richest 5 GDP/person -- country groups Kcal sugar/person/day 1962 2000 Health in a sweeter world

37. Falling wealth, failing health?

38. Cycles: virtuous vicious wealth health sickness poverty

39. One million “excess” deaths in developing world since 1980 due to contractions in economies Infant mortality

40. One million “excess” deaths in developing world since 1980 due to contractions in economies Children die when GDP falls Relative risks higher for vulnerable children born: To low-education mothers +68% Young/old mothers +23% In rural areas+72% If boys+11%

41. Wealth is mostly good for health, but… Microeconomics Money buys health, and 1 o health is cheap Money buys health directly (medicines) and indirectly (education for prevention and cure) Health underpins prosperity -- individual, family, business Macroeconomics Health is linked to wealth across countries and generations… The cause? Social? Cultural? Educational? Technological? All? A minimum set? Buying health Microeconomic argument often enough?