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50 YEARS AFTER SPUTNIK The beginning of the Space Age F.P. Israel, Sterrewacht Leiden.

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Presentation on theme: "50 YEARS AFTER SPUTNIK The beginning of the Space Age F.P. Israel, Sterrewacht Leiden."— Presentation transcript:

1 50 YEARS AFTER SPUTNIK The beginning of the Space Age F.P. Israel, Sterrewacht Leiden

2 Out of the blue.... 19:28:34 UT Friday October 4, 1957

3 ... one can imagine the consternation and admiration that would be felt here if the United States were to discover suddenly that some other nation had already put up a succesful satellite. Jimmy Lipp Project RAND, 1947 Despite Early Warning....

4 Wernher von Braun 1950's space visionary Medaris. Toftoy & Disney

5 Spy Balloons... WS 119, WS 46

6 Spy Planes... Secret U-2 Land Killian Bissell

7 Spy Satellites! WS 116 1954

8 CIA & USAF Atlas Thor

9 Navy, Army & Air Force at each other's throats... Hagen (NRL) ‏ Vanguard - IGY Schriever (USAF) ‏ Medaris (ABMA) ‏

10 ABMA Trump Card in 1956: Jupiter-C

11 Meanwhile, back in the USSR... Korolev, Kurchatov, Keldysh Glushko, Sedov 1956

12 Brilliant improviation: PS-1 October 4, 1957

13 More improvisation: PS-2 Laika November 3, 1957

14 Catastrophe at Cape Canaveral December 6, 1957

15 Explorer 1, January 31, 1958 Rehabilitation in 84 days...

16 Explorer 1: Pickering, van Allen, von Braun

17 1958: Vanguard D1 & D2: Sputnik 3 Killian presidential science advisor

18 Kruschev & Eisenhower: Men with a secret...

19 1960: U-2 Incident GaryPowers

20 Alias Discovery failure after failure....

21 Discoverer 2 Ice Station Zebra

22 1960: succes Discoverer 13 Discoverer 14 But few are in the know....

23 Resolution: 12 m Total coverage

24

25 It was as if an enormous floodlight had been turned on in a darkened warehouse CIA Deputy Director Wheelon, 1961.... tonight we know how many missiles the enemy has and, it turned out, our guesses were way off. We were doing things we didn't need to do. We were building things we didn't need to build. We were harbouring fears we didn't need to harbour. President Johnson, March 16, 1967

26 July 1969 Apollo and N-1 Space Race ends

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