1. Lecture 21 updates

2. Hubble’s STIS Spectrograph Please include this image at the start of the images of STIS

3. Two big nearby elliptical galaxies M86 M84 Area shown on next image

4. title +400 -400 0 Orbit speed (km/s) Towards Blue shift Away Red shift

5. The Galactic Center Next Slide Check sizes 5 arcsec = 0.6 lyr Sagittarius (teapot) Galactic Center 1 deg = 450 lyr

7. Black Hole and Bulge Masses Correlate Black Hole Mass (M sun ) Bulge Mass (M sun ) Milky Way M32 M87 10 6 10 9 10 10 11 10 12 10 7 10 8 10 9

8. Strong Gravity Near Black Holes 8000 miles 10 25 kg 1 / 2 inch 10 25 kg Strong gravity near black hole Modest gravity at surface crush

9. Accretion disks transport gas to the black hole Video-1 Milky Way black hole From Hubble Source 2005 Video-2 M84 accretion disk around black hole Also Hubble Source 2005

10. Quasars Show singly and fade from one to the next 1 2 3 4 5

11. Radio Galaxies Show singly and fade from one to the next 1 2 3 4 5

12. Interactions Send Gas to Center Stars and Dark Matter Only Gas Only Gas Only: Central Region

13. More Quasars Far Away (Long Ago) We Are Here

14. The Rise and Fall of Quasars Relative Number 10 2 10 3 10 4 10 Time (Byr) 1 510 0 Big Bang Now

15. The Web of Dark Matter Halos Few big More medium Many small

16. Halo and Galaxy Mass Distributions Dark Matter Halos (simulation) 66 Mass (solar masses) 10 15 10 13 10 11 10 9 0.01 1 100 10 4 10 6 Relative Number Milky Way Giant Galaxy Dwarf Galaxy Group Galaxy Cluster

17. Halo and Galaxy Mass Distributions Dark Matter Halos (simulation) 66 Mass (solar masses) 10 15 10 13 10 11 10 9 0.01 1 100 10 4 10 6 Relative Number Milky Way Giant Galaxy Dwarf Galaxy Group Galaxy Cluster Galaxies (data)

18. Halo Gravity and Suppression of Galaxy Formation Mass (solar masses) 10 15 10 13 10 11 10 9 Gravity of Halo Milky Way Giant Galaxy Dwarf Galaxy Group Galaxy Cluster Gas can’t cool Active Galaxies keep gas hot Gas blown out by supernovae Gas pressure prevents collapse

19. Largest Dark Matter Halos text Three images stacked

20. Halo Gravity and Suppression of Galaxy Formation Mass (solar masses) 10 15 10 13 10 11 10 9 Gravity of Halo Milky Way Giant Galaxy Dwarf Galaxy Group Galaxy Cluster Gas can’t cool Active Galaxies keep gas hot Gas blown out by supernovae Gas pressure prevents collapse

21. Black Hole Jets Heat the Cluster Gas Two images stacked

22. Halo Gravity and Suppression of Galaxy Formation Mass (solar masses) 10 15 10 13 10 11 10 9 Gravity of Halo Milky Way Giant Galaxy Dwarf Galaxy Group Galaxy Cluster Gas can’t cool Active Galaxies keep gas hot Gas blown out by supernovae Gas pressure prevents collapse

23. Halo Gravity and Suppression of Galaxy Formation Mass (solar masses) 10 15 10 13 10 11 10 9 Gravity of Halo Milky Way Giant Galaxy Dwarf Galaxy Group Galaxy Cluster Gas can’t cool Active Galaxies keep gas hot Gas blown out by supernovae Gas pressure prevents collapse

24. “Semi-Analytic” Galaxy Evolution Simulations 2 Byr Grey : dark matter Colored dots : galaxies

25. 3 Byr “Semi-Analytic” Galaxy Evolution Simulations high low young old star birth rate population age 6 Byr Today Three images stacked

26. Simulations Include Gas Physics Dark Matter Halos (simulation) Mass (solar masses) 10 15 10 13 10 11 10 9 0.01 1 100 10 4 10 6 Relative Number Milky Way Giant Galaxy Dwarf Galaxy Group Galaxy Cluster Galaxies (data) Galaxies: (simulation with gas physics)