1. Ben Ferguson

2. The Dwarf Hackberry, Celtis tenuifolia Nutt., also goes by hackberry, sugarberry, upland hackberry, or Georgia hackberry. It is considered rare in Ontario, Illinois, Ohio, New Jersey, and North Carolina.

3. Kingdom – Plantae (Plants) Subkingdom – Tracheobionta (Vascular plants) Superdivision – Spermatophyta (Seed plants) Division – Magnoliophyta (Flowering plants) Class – Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledons) Subclass – Hamamelididae Order – Urticales Family – Ulmaceae (Elm family) Genus – Celtis L. (Hackberry) Species – Celtis tenuifolia Nutt. (Dwarf Hackberry)

4. The Dwarf Hackberry is a small tree reaching up to 4 m in height. It has an irregular/asymmetrical shape and it has a dense compact branching pattern. Figure 2

5. Bark Unlike the common hackberry, Dwarf hackberry does not have “warty” bumps on the bark. Twig The Dwarf Hackberry has numerous branches. They are small and are spine-like. Figure 3 Figure 4

6. Leaf Dwarf Hackberry trees have leaves that alternate and they are ovate/deltoid in shape. They are also slightly equal-sided to asymmetrical at their base and the tip of the leafs are bluntly triangular to sharp and prolonged. Figure 6

7. Bud The buds are grayish-brown in color and are 1 to 2 mm long. They are also slender, oval shaped and pointed with fine hairs.. Figure 5

8. Flower There are both male and female flowers on the same trees. Either in clusters or by themselves. They are greenish-yellow in color and are rather inconspicuous. Figure 8

9. Fruit The fruit of the tree are thin skinned drupes. They are about the size of a pea and are round and salmon colored. Figure 7

10. Habitat and Range Dwarf Hackberry trees can be found in eastern North America. In the north it ranges from southern Ontario to Connecticut, south to northern Florida, west to eastern Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas. It mostly occurs in the Missouri-Arkansas area and the Mississippi- North Carolina area. Figure 1

11. Uses Dwarf Hackberry trees can be used as a landscape tree, firewood, and the berries that are produced can be eaten.

12. Images  http://plants.usda.gov/maps/large/CE/CETE.png Figure 1 Retrieved 6/23/10 http://plants.usda.gov/maps/large/CE/CETE.png  http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://thump01.pbase.com/t6/40 /752240/4/76583259.Em06dsPQ.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.pbase.com/g regglee/dwarf_hackberry&usg=__r1JgNQZvIgkf26g- 6QuqoqNIlBk=&h=135&w=160&sz=11&hl=en&start=27&um=1&itbs=1&tb nid=gz566qCnLFB0IM:&tbnh=83&tbnw=98&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddwa rf%2Bhackberry%2Btree%2BCeltis%2Btenuifolia%26start%3D20%26um %3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26ndsp%3D20%26tbs%3Disch:1 Figure 2 Retrieved 6/23/10 http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://thump01.pbase.com/t6/40 /752240/4/76583259.Em06dsPQ.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.pbase.com/g regglee/dwarf_hackberry&usg=__r1JgNQZvIgkf26g- 6QuqoqNIlBk=&h=135&w=160&sz=11&hl=en&start=27&um=1&itbs=1&tb nid=gz566qCnLFB0IM:&tbnh=83&tbnw=98&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddwa rf%2Bhackberry%2Btree%2BCeltis%2Btenuifolia%26start%3D20%26um %3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26ndsp%3D20%26tbs%3Disch:1  http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.discoverlife.org/IM/I _MST/0008/320/Celtis_tenuifolia,I_MST858.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.di scoverlife.org/mp/20q%3Fsearch%3DCeltis%2Btenuifolia&usg=__6q4nt O7fUmFzTsQLiGk5VsjLYD4=&h=320&w=296&sz=14&hl=en&start=3&um= 1&itbs=1&tbnid=5n_cy1vd5kyGJM:&tbnh=118&tbnw=109&prev=/images %3Fq%3DCeltis%2Btenuifolia%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26tbs%3Disc h:1 Figure 3 Retrieved 6/23/10 http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.discoverlife.org/IM/I _MST/0008/320/Celtis_tenuifolia,I_MST858.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.di scoverlife.org/mp/20q%3Fsearch%3DCeltis%2Btenuifolia&usg=__6q4nt O7fUmFzTsQLiGk5VsjLYD4=&h=320&w=296&sz=14&hl=en&start=3&um= 1&itbs=1&tbnid=5n_cy1vd5kyGJM:&tbnh=118&tbnw=109&prev=/images %3Fq%3DCeltis%2Btenuifolia%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26tbs%3Disc h:1

13.  http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.discoverlife.org/IM/I_MST/0008/32 0/Celtis_tenuifolia,I_MST858.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q%3Fse arch%3DCeltis%2Btenuifolia&usg=__6q4ntO7fUmFzTsQLiGk5VsjLYD4=&h=320&w=296 &sz=14&hl=en&start=3&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=5n_cy1vd5kyGJM:&tbnh=118&tbnw=109& prev=/images%3Fq%3DCeltis%2Btenuifolia%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26tbs%3Disch :1 Figure 4 Retrieved 6/23/10 http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.discoverlife.org/IM/I_MST/0008/32 0/Celtis_tenuifolia,I_MST858.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q%3Fse arch%3DCeltis%2Btenuifolia&usg=__6q4ntO7fUmFzTsQLiGk5VsjLYD4=&h=320&w=296 &sz=14&hl=en&start=3&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=5n_cy1vd5kyGJM:&tbnh=118&tbnw=109& prev=/images%3Fq%3DCeltis%2Btenuifolia%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26tbs%3Disch :1  http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.discoverlife.org/IM/I_MST/0008/32 0/Celtis_tenuifolia,I_MST858.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q%3Fse arch%3DCeltis%2Btenuifolia&usg=__6q4ntO7fUmFzTsQLiGk5VsjLYD4=&h=320&w=296 &sz=14&hl=en&start=3&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=5n_cy1vd5kyGJM:&tbnh=118&tbnw=109& prev=/images%3Fq%3DCeltis%2Btenuifolia%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26tbs%3Disch :1 Figure 5 Retrieved 6/23/10 http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.discoverlife.org/IM/I_MST/0008/32 0/Celtis_tenuifolia,I_MST858.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q%3Fse arch%3DCeltis%2Btenuifolia&usg=__6q4ntO7fUmFzTsQLiGk5VsjLYD4=&h=320&w=296 &sz=14&hl=en&start=3&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=5n_cy1vd5kyGJM:&tbnh=118&tbnw=109& prev=/images%3Fq%3DCeltis%2Btenuifolia%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26tbs%3Disch :1  http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.discoverlife.org/IM/I_MST/0008/32 0/Celtis_tenuifolia,I_MST858.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q%3Fse arch%3DCeltis%2Btenuifolia&usg=__6q4ntO7fUmFzTsQLiGk5VsjLYD4=&h=320&w=296 &sz=14&hl=en&start=3&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=5n_cy1vd5kyGJM:&tbnh=118&tbnw=109& prev=/images%3Fq%3DCeltis%2Btenuifolia%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26tbs%3Disch :1 Figure 6 Retrieved 6/23/10 http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.discoverlife.org/IM/I_MST/0008/32 0/Celtis_tenuifolia,I_MST858.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q%3Fse arch%3DCeltis%2Btenuifolia&usg=__6q4ntO7fUmFzTsQLiGk5VsjLYD4=&h=320&w=296 &sz=14&hl=en&start=3&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=5n_cy1vd5kyGJM:&tbnh=118&tbnw=109& prev=/images%3Fq%3DCeltis%2Btenuifolia%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26tbs%3Disch :1  http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.discoverlife.org/IM/I_MST/0008/32 0/Celtis_tenuifolia,I_MST858.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q%3Fse arch%3DCeltis%2Btenuifolia&usg=__6q4ntO7fUmFzTsQLiGk5VsjLYD4=&h=320&w=296 &sz=14&hl=en&start=3&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=5n_cy1vd5kyGJM:&tbnh=118&tbnw=109& prev=/images%3Fq%3DCeltis%2Btenuifolia%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26tbs%3Disch :1 Figure 7 Retrieved 6/23/10 http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.discoverlife.org/IM/I_MST/0008/32 0/Celtis_tenuifolia,I_MST858.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q%3Fse arch%3DCeltis%2Btenuifolia&usg=__6q4ntO7fUmFzTsQLiGk5VsjLYD4=&h=320&w=296 &sz=14&hl=en&start=3&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=5n_cy1vd5kyGJM:&tbnh=118&tbnw=109& prev=/images%3Fq%3DCeltis%2Btenuifolia%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26tbs%3Disch :1

14.  http://biology.missouristate.edu/Herbarium/Plants%20of%20the %20Interior%20Highlands/Flowers/Celtis%20tenuifolia.JPG Figure 8 Retrieved 6/23/10 http://biology.missouristate.edu/Herbarium/Plants%20of%20the %20Interior%20Highlands/Flowers/Celtis%20tenuifolia.JPG Information  http://www.discoverlife.org/20/q Retrieved 6/23/10 http://www.discoverlife.org/20/q  http://web4.msue.msu.edu/mnfi/abstracts/botany/Celtis_tenuifoli a.pdf Retrieved 6/23/10 http://web4.msue.msu.edu/mnfi/abstracts/botany/Celtis_tenuifoli a.pdf  http://www.vplants.org/plants/species/species.jsp?gid=8275 Retrieved 6/23/10 http://www.vplants.org/plants/species/species.jsp?gid=8275  http://dsp-psd.pwgsc.gc.ca/Collection/CW69-14-359-2004E.pdf Retrieved 6/23/10 http://dsp-psd.pwgsc.gc.ca/Collection/CW69-14-359-2004E.pdf  http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/246543 Retrieved 6/23/10http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/246543