1. Natural Selection and the Evidence of Evolution
Evolution Foldable
You will be getting seven pieces of paper as part of your foldable and one to help you assemble the foldable.
Color each Title box a different color. Then fold all seven pages not the title page in half bring the bottom up right under the title box.

2. On each flap you should see:
Modern Theory of Evolution
Origins of Evolution
Natural Selection & Types
Influences of Evolution
Patterns of Evolution & Speciation
Evidences of Evolution
Evidences continued…

3. 1. Modern Theory of Evolution
Read through the following slides and fill out the information for this page. Some parts you will need to cut out.

4. (Inside) On Top Half of 1st Flap : Use the following slides to answer the questions
EVOLUTION
What is Evolution?
What is Natural Selection?
Why makes certain individuals more able to survive?
How does Natural
Selection work?

5. The change in populations over time.
What is evolution?
The change in populations over time.

6. Insights into why only certain individuals survive…
Traits vary among populations; these traits are inherited
Breeding with others that had desirable traits produced offspring with these traits

7. What is natural selection?
Mechanism of change in populations over time

8. The process of natural selection…
Occurs when organism with favorable variations survive, reproduce, and pass on their variations to the next generation
Without these variations, organism is less likely to survive
Each new generation thus consists largely of offspring with variations aiding their survival

9. (Inside) On Bottom Half of 1st Flap:
Who is Darwin?
Who is Malthus?

10. Who is Charles Darwin?
English scientist/naturalist whose ideas provide foundation for the theory of evolution by natural selection
Sailed on HMS Beagle for 5 years studying and collecting biological and fossil specimens

12. Major Ports of Call… Galapagos Islands
Location: Near equator, 1000km off west coast of S. America
What he studied: many species of animals and plants unique to the island, but are similar elsewhere
Major findings: Observations led to his consideration that species change over time

13. Darwin’s book…
1859, The Origin of Species
Detailed account on his ideas and theories that support evolution

14. Darwin’s Hypothesis…
Artificial Selection- breeding organism with specific traits in order to produce offspring with identical traits
There is force in nature that works like artificial selection

15. Thomas Malthus
Proposed idea that human populations grow faster than Earth’s food supply

16. How Malthus affected Darwin’s ideas…
Realized organisms struggle to compete in changing environments. Many types of competition exist:
Food and space
Escaping predators
Location of shelter

17. 2. Origins of Evolution
Read through the following slides and fill out the information for this page. Some parts you will need to cut out.

18. (Inside) On Top Half of 2nd Flap :
BIOGENSIS
SPONTANEOUS GENERATION

19. Spontaneous Generation
Theory states that non-living matter produces life
Disproved by Redi’s Experiment
“Life does not just appear, it comes from other living things”

20. Biogenesis Theory that living things come from other living things
Proven by Pasteur’s experiment

21. (Inside) On Bottom Half of 2nd Flap :
Paste/Tape pictures from the cut outs page

22. 3. Natural Selection
Read through the following slides and fill out the information for this page. Some parts you will need to cut out.

23. (Inside) On Top Half of 3rd Flap :
NATURAL SELECTION
What is Natural Selection?
How does it occur?
What are the types of Natural Selection?
Picture

24. Natural Selection What is it?
Change in an allele over a period of time
How does it occur?
Occurs in populations! Evolution can not occur in a single individual

25. Types of Natural Selection are:
Stabilizing
Directional
Disruptive
Example: Bird Beak Size in the Galapagos Islands

26. (Inside) On Bottom Half of 3rd Flap write: Glue in the following picture & Label the following:
A) mode of natural selection in which a single phenotype is favored, causing the allele frequency to continuously shift in one direction
B) Mode of natural selection in which genetic diversity decreases as the population stabilizes, selects against extreme values of the character and favors the intermediate variants
C) extreme values for a trait are favored; the variance of the trait increases and the population is divided into two distinct groups

27. 4. Influences of Evolution
Read through the following slides and fill out the information for this page. Some parts you will need to cut out.

28. (Inside) On Top Half of 4th Flap write: Glue in the following picture & Label the following:
Genetic Equilibrium
Defined as the frequency of alleles that remains the same over generations
Evolution only occurs when alleles are not in equilibrium
Label the picture that shows “genetic equilibrium”
Mutations
Any change in DNA
Causing individuals in a population to express a new phenotype

29. (Inside) On Bottom Half of 4th Flap write: Glue in the following picture & Label the following:
Gene Flow
also called migration
addition of genes into a population
alters allelic frequencies
Genetic Drift
random events remove genes from a population
gene frequencies in a population change

30. 5. Patterns of Evolution & Speciation
Read through the following slides and fill out the information for this page. Some parts you will need to cut out.

31. (Inside) On Top Half of 5th Flap write: Glue in the following picture & Label the following:
Divergent Evolution
Species that evolve to be different even though they come from a common ancestor
Convergent Evolution
Species that evolve to be similar to each other
For example: they have similar structures

32. (Inside) On Bottom Half of 5th Flap write: Glue in the following picture & Label the following:
Speciation
a lineage-splitting event that produces two or more separate species

33. 6. Evidences of Evolution
Read through the following slides and fill out the information for this page. Some parts you will need to cut out.

34. (Inside) On Top Half of 6th Flap write:
Evidences of Evolution
Adaptations- structural and physiological
Fossil Evidence
Anatomical Evidence
Embryology
Biochemistry
Why?
Variation that aids an organisms chances of survival in its environment
Develop in a species over many generations

35. (Inside) On Bottom Half of 6th Flap write:
Structural Adaptations
Teeth and Claws
Protect against predators
Mimicry
Enables one species to resemble another
Camouflage
Enables species to blend with surroundings
Physiological Adaptations
What are they?
Changes in organism’s metabolic processes
Example:
After years of exposure to specific pesticides, insects and weeds have become resistant

36. 7. Evidences Continued
Read through the following slides and fill out the information for this page. Some parts you will need to cut out.

37. (Inside) On Top Half of 7th Flap write:
Anatomical Evidence
Homologous Structures- common evolutionary origin
2. Analogous Structures- no common origin, but similar in function
Fossil Evidence
Indirect source
Provide record of early life
As record becomes more complete, the sequence of evolution is clearer

38. (Inside) On Bottom Half of 7th Flap write:
Embryological Evidence
Similarities in development before birth
Anatomical Evidence
Vestigial- body structure in present day organism that no longer serves original purpose
Biochemical Evidence
All organisms share DNA, ATP and many enzymes among their biochemical molecules