1. WIND POWER Global Technology Trends in Wind Power: R&D & Commercial
Rajsekhar Budhavarapu
Chief Technology Officer ( Renewable Investments)
IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited
IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited (IEDCL)
IEDCL Wind Development & Advisory Services

2. Presentation Structure
Challenge
Wind Energy Estimation
Wind farm Design Optimization
Up Scaling
Grid Compatibility
Technology view into future
Quality Assurance
Wind farm Power Control
Improving Performance : O&M
Policy Framework Design
Virtual Power Plants and Micro-grids
IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited (IEDCL)
IEDCL Wind Development & Advisory Services

3. The Challenge-Credibility
2009
Trend of EWEA forecasts
2000
1997
1991
Source: H. Beurskens, L. Hamilton
IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited (IEDCL)
IEDCL Wind Development & Advisory Services

4. Comparison of Global and India Wind Energy Scenario
Source : GWEC report on India Wind Energy Outlook 2009
Even with an advanced or optimistic realization in 2020, GWEC is projecting only an 18% share of electricity for wind energy in India, requiring 134 GW of wind power capacity.
IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited (IEDCL)
IEDCL Wind Development & Advisory Services

5. Capacity or Production PENETRATION
Mere installed capacity does not provide wind power production share.
The goal should be the ability to supply X% of the electricity consumption.
Produced energy depends on the wind resource/siting, appropriate technology, grid capacity and a flexible & stable power system.
Wind energy investments depends on stable policies, attractive tariffs and “business case certainty”.
Hence, accurate wind resource estimates, reliable and efficient technology, sufficient grid capacity and power system integration are the keys.
IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited (IEDCL)
IEDCL Wind Development & Advisory Services

6. Wind Energy Estimation: Indian Example
Mesoscale modelling (KAMM model dx=5km) + On-site measurements
Inputs
Outputs
Outcomes
Mean wind speed at 80 m a.g.l
Wind maps: Mean (annual and seasonal) wind speed and power density at 50m and 80m.
Verification: Can compare generalized wind climates derived from observational wind atlas method and numerical wind atlas method.
Application data: Generalized wind climate in WAsP .lib file format for all of India; 50 from observational wind atlas and 200,000+ from numerical wind atlas, allows application at very high resolutions (~10m)
Energy Generation estimation
Surface roughness
Surface elevation
Mean power density at 80 m a.g.l.
Large-scale wind forcing
wind direction and direction distribution (generalize wind climate)
IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited (IEDCL)
IEDCL Wind Development & Advisory Services

7. No !!!! Wind farm optimization (1 of 4)
5 to 8 D
3 to 5 D
Does this lay out provide maximum output and minimum variability of power output????
No !!!!
IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited (IEDCL)
IEDCL Wind Development & Advisory Services

8. Wind farm optimization (2 of 4)u0 u u0 u0
IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited (IEDCL)
IEDCL Wind Development & Advisory Services

9. Increasing output by power control
Wind farm optimization (3 of 4)
Normal operation, optimal Cp
Increasing output by power control
First row(s) more ‘transparant’ for flow’
Source: ECN
IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited (IEDCL)
IEDCL Wind Development & Advisory Services

10. Wind farm optimization (4 of 4)
Verification needs cross institutional cooperation with industry and customers
ECN/TNO
Photo: Gustave Corten
Photo: Jos Beurskens
Foto: Jos Beurskens
ECN
IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited (IEDCL)
IEDCL Wind Development & Advisory Services

11. ? ? ? ? ? offshore ? ? ? ? ? Up scaling (1 of 4) 2012 200 m UpWind
Jos Beurskens
Jos Beurskens
Jos Beurskens
Jos Beurskens
IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited (IEDCL)
IEDCL Wind Development & Advisory Services

12. New materials with higher strength/mass levels
Up scaling (2 of 4)
Challenges
Weight ~ (D³) Cross sections ~ (D²) Stress (= weight/cross section) ~ D
New materials with higher strength/mass levels
IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited (IEDCL)
IEDCL Wind Development & Advisory Services

13. Up scaling (3 of 4)
Full pitch control for very large wind turbines is not adequate anymore because of non uniform angles of attack along blade.
Wind field
Photo: Jos Beurskens
IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited (IEDCL)
IEDCL Wind Development & Advisory Services

14. Up scaling ( 4 of 4) 20-40% reduction in blade- in-tower fatigue load
”Smart” material variable trailing edge flap
Rasmussen. DTU-Risø
IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited (IEDCL)
IEDCL Wind Development & Advisory Services

15. Grid compatibility (1 of 2)
Ability to control wind farm as a power plant
Control strategies for grid support
Fault ride through capabilities
Grid codes required
FhG, Kassel (D)
IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited (IEDCL)
IEDCL Wind Development & Advisory Services

16. Grid compatibility (2 of 2)
Constant rotational speed
Variable rotational speed (present technology)
Wound rotor induction generator
Transmission
Controllable electrical parameters to support grid
IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited (IEDCL)
IEDCL Wind Development & Advisory Services

17. Further up scaling (20 MW?)
Technology view into the near future
Dedicated wind turbines for various climate zones (standards & certification)
Further up scaling (20 MW?)
Distributed aerodynamic rotor control with smart features (incorporating LIDAR)
Integrated turbine control (output, stability, safety, failure resistant, grid compatibility and grid support)
Wind farm control (variability of output, maximising output, load control, grid support)
IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited (IEDCL)
IEDCL Wind Development & Advisory Services

18. Quality Assurance
For international acceptance wind turbines should be designed and certified to the IEC or GL standards series.
Recognized certifying bodies exist internationally for providing wind turbine certifications
Wind farm financing, insurance etc depend on the manufacturers ability to obtain appropriate certification.
Project certification may also be necessary to manage risks and secure financing, especially for offshore wind farms.
Type certification acc. to IEC or GL 2010 guidelines
IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited (IEDCL)
IEDCL Wind Development & Advisory Services

19. Wind Farm Power Control
Wind farms must be able to provide :
Voltage and reactive control,
Frequency control
Fault ride-through capability in order to maintain the electric system stability
Typical wind farm power control methods
Jauch, C. et. al. “International Comparison of Requirements for Connection of Wind Turbines to Power Systems”, Wind Energy 2005; 8:295–306
IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited (IEDCL)
IEDCL Wind Development & Advisory Services

20. Improving Performance: O&M
Source: 3rd WE20 by 2020 conference
IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited (IEDCL)
IEDCL Wind Development & Advisory Services

21. Reqd Policy Framework: Competitive vs Feed-in-Tariff
IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited (IEDCL)
IEDCL Wind Development & Advisory Services

22. Lastly: Virtual Power Plants & Micro Grids
In areas that are cut-off from the urban regions, a smaller “Micro Grid” is of advantage to provide regional electricity.
A Micro grid is a small electricity providing network with load sources, energy sources and storage.
On a broader scale, a Virtual power plant (VPP) is a distributed system that can supply energy to a much larger grid.
Each micro-grid or VPP would incorporate real-time information systems to ensure that energy production matches demand at all times.
Since the grid is designed with respect to known sources of electricity and demand, the grid can be stable and its control more deterministic.
IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited (IEDCL)
IEDCL Wind Development & Advisory Services

23. For further Information contact
END
For further Information contact
Rajsekhar Budhavarapu
CTO- Renewable Investments
IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited (IEDCL)
1st Floor, Corporate Office Tower, Ambience Mall Complex, Ambience Island, NH-8
Gurgaon , India
T el:
IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited (IEDCL)
IEDCL Wind Development & Advisory Services