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Published bySophie Fairbrother Modified over 9 years ago
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Issues in Multicolor Flow Cytometry: Beyond 6 Colors
Brent Wood MD PhD Department of Laboratory Medicine University of Washington
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The Power of Flow Cytometry
Single cell analysis Multiparametric Rapid Quantitative Flexible
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Inferential reasoning
18% 80% 66% 0.4% Insensitive Misattribution if assumptions incorrect
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Analytical Approach Antigen expression is present/absent
Antigen intensity is minimally used Can be expressed as a table of percentages Focus is on abnormal immunophenotype Presence or absence of expression of antigens
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Direct Observation Combination of reagents uniquely identifies cell type, lineage and maturational stage Emphasize normal maturational patterns Direct determination of immunophenotype without inference Improvement in sensitivity and specificity More simultaneous fluorochromes improves
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Multiparametric Flow Cytometry
More accurate population identification Greater informational content Make better use of small specimens Fewer cells, more information Process fewer tubes Save on reagents, tech and instrument time Collect large number of events efficiently Allow standardized reagent combinations
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Instrumentation Beckman-Coulter FC500 Becton-Dickinson FACSCanto
5 colors - 1 or 2 lasers Becton-Dickinson FACSCanto I - 6 colors, 2 lasers II - 8 colors, 3 lasers Beckman-Coulter Gallios 10 colors - 3 lasers Becton-Dickinson LSRII ~20 color, up to 7 lasers
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How Many Colors are Enough?
Ideal Add all reagents of interest into single tube Real Too many parameters of interest
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Define Purpose of Assay
Most important question What information is required? What information is most important? Prioritize Compromises are inevitable Simplest assay is best
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Bethesda International Consensus Conference
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Euroflow
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Panel Design PB FITC PE PE-TR PE55 PE7 A594 APC A700 APC7 B cells 45 k l 19 34 20 38 10 - 5 T cells 2 7 8 3 4 56 Blasts DR 15 33 117 13 71 Myeloid 64 123 14 16
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Cell Type Identification
Borowitz et al (1993) AJCP 100: Steltzer et al (1993) Ann NY Acad Sci 667:
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Normal Blast Maturation
Wood (2004) Methods Cell Biology 75:
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Acute Myelomonocytic Leukemia
Wood and Borowitz (2006) Henry’s Laboratory Medicine
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Hodgkin Lymphoma
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ALL MRD 0.1% abnormal immature B cells
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Tandem Fluorochromes Phycoerythrin (PE) PE-Texas Red
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Tandem Breakdown NH4Cl prelyse and wash Whole blood lysis 1 hour prior
Cytometry Part A (2009) 75A:
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Compensation Spectral overlap between fluorochromes
Critical to success of method For 10 color experiment Need to determine 90 values for Comp Matrix Software compensation required Maximum flexibility Non-destructive
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FITC = Green PE = Orange Excitation = Dotted Emission = Solid
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Compensation - Method Single stained controls used
One for each individual fluorochrome One for each individual tandem As bright as brightest reagent to be used Samples run without compensation Compensation calculated in software Applied either at acquisition or analysis
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Compensation Correct Undercompensated Overcompensated
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Compensation Don’t worry unduly about PMT voltage PE = 400 volts
245% 103% 47.5% 23.0% 12.2% 1.9% 4.7% 10.3% 21.0% 41.0% PE = 400 volts 450 volts 500 volts 550 volts 600 volts PE-TR = 550 volts Compensation values should reflect relative spectral overlap, i.e. detector gains should be equal
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Compensation Validation
Fluorescence minus one “FMO” controls
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Compensation Validation
Fluorescence minus one “FMO” controls
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Compensation
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Compensation
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Compensation Background
Avoid increased background due to fluorochromes Adjacent with longer wavelength emission PE / PE-TR, PE-TR / PE-Cy5, PE-Cy5.5 or PerCP-Cy5.5/ PE-Cy7 APC / APC-A700, APC-A700 / APC-Cy7 Primary fluorochrome of tandem PE and PE-TR, PE-Cy5, PE-Cy5.5, or PE-Cy7 APC and APC-A700 or APC-Cy7 Interlaser excitation and emission PE-Cy5 and APC PE-Cy5.5 or PerCP-Cy5.5 and APC-A700 PE-Cy7 and APC-Cy7 PE-TR and A594
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Adjacent fluorochromes
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Primary of Tandems 10.5% 1.6%
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Interlaser compensation
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Strategies to deal with compensation background
Avoid bright fluorescence Put fluorochromes on different populations Put fluorochromes brightly on same population Avoid detection of dim expression in presence of high background
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Avoid bright fluorescence
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Different populations
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Bright dual positive
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Compensation Compromises
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Infinicyte - Cytognos Nearest neighbor estimate of relationship between parameters in different tubes Pedreira, et al. Cytometry (2008) 73A:
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Mass Cytometry simultaneous antigens
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Mass Cytometry Bendall, et al (2011) Science 332:687
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Mass Cytometry Bendall, et al (2011) Science 332:687
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Mass Cytometry 13 parameters Bendall, et al (2011) Science 332:687
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Mass Cytometry 18 functional markers 13 conditions
Bendall, et al (2011) Science 332:687
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Conclusion Multicolor flow cytometry Mass Cytometry Powerful tool
Purpose must be primary consideration Simpler is better Fluorescent spectral overlap is major limitation Mass Cytometry Allows high level multiparameter measurements Eliminates fluorescent spectral overlap Detection sensitivity and reagent availability are concerns Both require improved data analysis tools
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