1. History and Development of Pre- loaded Single Use Injectors (SUI) Heiden Bliss Ryan Richmond Scott McCutcheon History and Development of Pre-loaded Single Use Injectors (SUI)

2. Acknowledgements Contributed data: Dave Marvin & Jennifer Neighbors, PSMFC Contributed testing and feedback support for the development of the SUI : Scott Dunmire, USACE Doug Marsh, NOAA Dr. William “Billy” Connor, USFWS Bill Arnsberg & Jason Vogel, NPT History and Development of Pre-loaded Single Use Injectors (SUI)

3. Introduction History and Development of Pre-loaded Single Use Injectors (SUI) Interest in an SUI system Why develop an SUI system R & D 2008-YTD Use in 2009 & 2010

4. The Beginning History and Development of Pre-loaded Single Use Injectors (SUI) Began PIT tagging in the Columbia Basin 25 years ago Over 26 million fish tagged – Until 2009 virtually all fish were tagged with Multi-Use Injectors (MUI)

5. Interest in an SUI History and Development of Pre-loaded Single Use Injectors (SUI) Beginning in 2002, members of the PIT tag steering committee requested the development of a pre-loaded Single Use Injection (SUI) system. – Primary reason at that time was: Lack of available personnel in remote locations – A prototype SUI system was delivered by Destron Fearing to NMFS in 2004 for testing. Changes were requested, but no further R & D occurred. – Interest for use on Biomark tagging projects

6. Interest in an SUI History and Development of Pre-loaded Single Use Injectors (SUI) Beginning in 2002, members of the PIT tag steering committee requested the development of a pre-loaded Single Use Injection (SUI) system. – Primary reason at that time was: Lack of available personnel in remote locations – A prototype SUI system was delivered by Destron Fearing to NMFS in 2004 for testing. Changes were requested, but no further R & D occurred. – Biomark saw a need internally

7. Why Develop an SUI System? In 2008 Biomark began development of an SUI: 1.More efficient tagging system for Basin Users Personnel issues 2.Provide a better product for PIT Tag Users Lower mortality and shedding rates 3.Reduce project overhead By increasing the efficiency of Biomark tagging projects, we could lower our cost 4.Make the SUI available to all PIT Tag Users Both large and small scale projects 5.Eliminate human health issues No handling of needles History and Development of Pre-loaded Single Use Injectors (SUI)

8. 2008 R & D – Began looking at developing an Auto-tagger – Simpler pre-loaded SUI system more efficient and feasible History and Development of Pre-loaded Single Use Injectors (SUI)

9. 2008 R & D History and Development of Pre-loaded Single Use Injectors (SUI) Needle Assembly Development – Smaller 13 gauge needle – Individual push rods No disease transmission – No loss of tags from needles

10. 2008 R & D (cont.) – New implanter developed MK25 History and Development of Pre-loaded Single Use Injectors (SUI)

11. 2008 R & D (cont.) – Initial Tray system developed Bulky, held 200 SUIs History and Development of Pre-loaded Single Use Injectors (SUI)

12. 2009 Field Testing – The principle investigators of the Snake River Fall Chinook program and the COE agreed to a field test of the SUI – Lyons Ferry Hatchery successfully tagging approximately 57,000 yearling fall Chinook salmon. History and Development of Pre-loaded Single Use Injectors (SUI)

13. 2009 Field Testing – The principle investigators of the Snake River Fall Chinook program, and the COE agreed to a field test of the SUI – Successfully tagged 57,000 yearling Chinook at Lyons Ferry Hatchery Tagging techniques were established and standardized History and Development of Pre-loaded Single Use Injectors (SUI)

14. Approval For Use The principle investigators and COE approved the use of the SUI system for the remainder of Biomark’s 2009 marking year. – Biomark tagged approximately 656,000 fish using the first generation SUI system. – SUI injectors accounted for 30% of the total fish PIT tagged and released into the Columbia Basin in 2009. History and Development of Pre-loaded Single Use Injectors (SUI)

15. 2009 SUI Usage (R & D Year) (COE funded projects with tagging conducted by Biomark) Comparing Preloaded Single Use Injectors to Multiple Use Injectors YearlingSub-yearling LocationSockeyeChinook Total 2009 Lyons Ferry Hatchery 57,000 67,000 Oxbow Hatchery 11,000 Sawtooth Hatchery 51,000 Lyons Ferry Hatchery 59,000 Umatilla/Irrigon Hat. 83,000 Dworshak NFH 328,000 2009 Sub-Total 62,000 57,000 537,000 656,000

16. 2009 R & D (cont.) History and Development of Pre-loaded Single Use Injectors (SUI) Unique R & D opportunity – Modifications between tagging projects Comments from experienced from Biomark staff – Feedback from Beta Testers USFWS NOAA

17. 2009 R & D (cont.) – MK25 Modified Internal parts – Needle Assembly Modified – Tray Modified Smaller, lightweight, 100 SUIs History and Development of Pre-loaded Single Use Injectors (SUI)

18. 2009 R & D (cont.) – Patent Pending No external funding used – Going Green History and Development of Pre-loaded Single Use Injectors (SUI)

19. 2009 R & D Needle production and tag loading was shifted from overseas to Boise, Idaho – Better Quality Assurance over production Assures a better quality product for SUI users – Created multiple US manufacturing jobs History and Development of Pre-loaded Single Use Injectors (SUI)

20. 2010 SUI Use Biomark tagged 729,000 with SUIs – The 2010 total use of SUIs in the Columbia Basin was over one million 43% of the total fish tagged and released in the Columbia Basin History and Development of Pre-loaded Single Use Injectors (SUI)

21. 2010 Total SUI (Columbia Basin) Comparing Preloaded Single Use Injectors to Multiple Use Injectors Number Tagging GroupSpeciesTagged BiomarkSteelhead7,500 BiomarkSockeye64,000 BiomarkYearling Chinook57,000 BiomarkSub-yearling Chinook508,000 BiomarkYearling Chinook81,000 BiomarkCoho11,500 Biomark Sub-totalVarious729,000 BPA/Various AgenciesVarious321,500 Total 1,050,500

22. The Future 2011 – 1,300,000 50% of the total tags that will be used in the Columbia Basin – Biomark – BPA/Various Agencies Continued R & D – Feedback  Total use of P-SUI in the Columbia Basin was approximately 1.3 million  50% of the total fish tagged and released in the Columbia Basin Comparing Preloaded Single Use Injectors to Multiple Use Injectors

23. Questions? History and Development of Pre-loaded Single Use Injectors (SUI)