1. Lecture (24)

2. Abdomen Basic Projections
Abdomen (KUB)
Basic
AP supine
Special
PA prone
Lat decubitus (AP)
AP erect
Dorsaldecubitus (Lat)
Lateral
Acute abdomen
Basic
AP supine
AP erect
PA Chest erect ( page 86)
Special
Left lat decubitus
Abdomen AP Supine
Exposure Factors Kv
mAS
FFD (cm)
Grid
Focus
Cassette
70-80 50
100
Yes
Broad
35 x 43 cm

3. Patient Position Supine Part position Align midsagittal plane to table
Shoulders in same transverse plane
Support pillows under knees
Center cassette to level of iliac crests
Gonad shielding is recommended
Exposed at end of expiration
Central Ray
perpendicular
Center Point
To mid line at level of iliac crests

4. Structure shown
Out line of Liver, spleen kidneys, and air-filled stomach and bowel segments and
The arch of the symphysis pubis for the urinary bladder region
Note
For KUB Bowel preparation to remove gases and fecal masses is recommended

5. Abdomen PA Prone
Patient Position
Prone
Part position
Align midsagittal plane to mid table
Shoulders in same transverse plane
Legs extended with support under ankles
Center cassette to level of iliac crests
Arms up beside head
No rotation of pelvis or shoulders & thorax
Exposure made at end of expiration
Central Ray
perpendicular
Center Point
To mid line at level of iliac crests

6. Structure shown
Out line of Liver, spleen kidneys, and air-filled stomach and bowel segments and
The arch of the symphysis pubis for the urinary bladder region
Note
This projection is less desirable than the AP if the kidneys are of primary interest because of the increased object film distance (OFD)

7. Erect with legs slightly spread &back against stand bucky
Abdomen AP Erect
Patient Position
Erect with legs slightly spread &back
against stand bucky
Part position
Align midsagittal plan to mid bucky
Do not rotate Shoulders or pelvis
Adjust top of cassette at the level of the axilla
With Center of cassette 2-3 inches above iliac
crests to include diaphragm
Gonad shielding is recommended
Exposure made at end expiration
Central Ray
Horizontal & perpendicular To Film
Center Point
To mid line 2-3 inches above iliac crest

8. AP erect Abdomen showing Air-fluid level
Air-filled stomach and loops of bowel and air fluid level where present, Bilateral diaphragms as much of lower abdomen as possible should include
AP erect Abdomen showing Air-fluid level

9. Abdomen AP ( Lateral Decubitus ) Patient Position
Lateral Recumbent on radiolucent bad
Arms up near head
Knees slightly flexed
Part position
Align midsagittal plane to mid vertical bucky
Shoulders in same transverse plane
Center cassette 2 inches above level of iliac crests
Proximal margin of cassette will be approximately
at Level of axilla
Gonad shielding is recommended
Collimate without cut of upper abdomen
Ensure no rotation of shoulder or pelvis
Exposure made at end of expiration

10. Horizontal & perpendicular To Film Center Point
Central Ray
Horizontal & perpendicular To Film
Center Point
2 inches above level of iliac crest
Structure shown
Air-filled stomach and loops of bowel and air fluid level where present, Bilateral diaphragms as much of lower abdomen as possible should include
Notes
This projection for bed or stretcher patient to demonstrate air-fluid level
Patient should be onside a minimum 5 minutes before exposure to allow
to raise or abnormal fluid to accumulate

11. Abdomen lateral ( Dorsal Decubitus
Patient Position
Supine on radiolucent bad,side vertical aginst
vertical bucky
Arms up near head
Support under slightly flexed Knees
Part position
Align mid-axillarly plane to mid vertical bucky
Center cassette 2 inches above level of iliac crests
Proximal margin of cassette will be approximately
at Level of axilla
Gonad shielding is recommended
Collimate without cut of upper abdomen
Ensure no rotation of shoulder or pelvis
Exposure made at end of expiration

12. Horizontal & perpendicular To Film
Central Ray
Horizontal & perpendicular To Film
Center Point
2 inches above level of iliac crest
Structure shown
Air-filled stomach and loops of bowel and air fluid level where present, Anterior abdomen and prevertebral regions
Notes
ordinary lateral abdomen obtained with the patient in upright erect position
This projection for bed or stretcher patient to obtain a lateral view for abdomen
and demonstrate air-fluid level