1. 4/29/2015 Mark Dechesne 1 Understanding Radicalisation – What is it? Mark Dechesne Leiden University –Campus The Hague

2. 4/29/2015 Mark Dechesne 2 fbi most wanted terrorists captured or killed

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6. 4/29/2015 Mark Dechesne 6 The Psychologies of Terrorism

7. 4/29/2015 Mark Dechesne 7 Dechesne: Psychology of Mass Violence

8. 4/29/2015 Mark Dechesne 8 Networks (e.g. Lochard 2004) Idea

9. 4/29/2015 Mark Dechesne 9 Psychohistory

10. 4/29/2015 Mark Dechesne 10 Psychological Factors Contributing to Jihadist Radicalisation and Terrorism

11. 4/29/2015 Mark Dechesne 11 1973

12. 4/29/2015 Mark Dechesne 12 Maktab al-Khidamat

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15. 4/29/2015 Mark Dechesne 15 Idea

16. 4/29/2015 Mark Dechesne 16 Idea: Jihad internal (combating nominally Muslim regimes considered impious) irredentist (fighting to redeem land ruled by non-Muslims or under occupation) global (combating the West)

17. 4/29/2015 Mark Dechesne 17 Gulbuddin Hekmatyar Born in Kunduz province, 1947 1970’s Studies at Military Academy and Engineering department at Kabul and becomes devoted to the radical political Islam Is forced to go to Pakistan, where he obtains support from Pakistan and the West Plays a lead role in the war against the Soviets Becomes president of Afghanistan in the 1990’s Taliban ousts and exils him, but Hekmatyar later joins the fight against ISAF after 2001.

18. 4/29/2015 Mark Dechesne 18 Osama Bin Laden 1957: Born in a very wealthy family in Saudi Arabia Studies economy, but has a strong interest in Koranic studies Goes to Afghanistan to join Abdul Azzam to erect the Afghan Service Bureau

19. 4/29/2015 Mark Dechesne 19 John Walker Lindh Born in 1981 in Californa Becomes socially isolated during adolescence Discovers Malcolm X as a source of inspiration Travels to Pakistan and eventually joins to Taliban

20. 4/29/2015 Mark Dechesne 20 Ajmal Kasab Born in Pakistan in 1987 Is involved in petty crime in Lahore Discovers Lashkar-e- Taiba

21. 4/29/2015 Mark Dechesne 21 Mehdi Nemmouche

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23. 4/29/2015 Mark Dechesne 23 Syria-Goers and Comers Redouan al-Issar and the Hofstad network Different types: Ideologues, veterans, criminals, idealists, lost souls Vertical and Horizontal influence

24. 4/29/2015 Mark Dechesne 24 What is a radical?

25. 4/29/2015 Mark Dechesne 25 Are they …. Crazy?*

26. 4/29/2015 Mark Dechesne 26 Are they …. Crazy?* Psychology of Terrorism, Principle 1: There is no such thing as a terrorist psychopathology, nor as a terrorist personality * e.g. Kruglanski and Dechesne, 2007

27. 4/29/2015 Mark Dechesne 27 Are they …. Muslim?* Analysis of Survey Data in 12 Arab Countries, Indonesia and Pakistan shows that Support for Insurgency is most strongly related to religion * Fishman, Orehek, Dechesne, & Kruglanski. (2008)

28. 4/29/2015 Mark Dechesne 28 A Plethora of Causes* Honor Dedication to the leader Social status Narcissism Personal significance Pain and personal loss Group pressure Humiliation Injustice Vengeance Feminism Humiliation Exposure to violence Occupation Lack of alternative prospects Displacement Restoration of the glory of Islam Poverty Moral obligation Need to belong Heaven Simplification of life Inspirational leadership Friendship Status Glamour Money Support for one’s family * Kruglanski, Chen, Dechesne, Fishman, and Orehek (2008)

29. 4/29/2015 Mark Dechesne 29 Dechesne: Psychology of Mass Violence

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31. 4/29/2015 Mark Dechesne 31 Mark Dechesne – Leiden University Campus The Hague m.dechesne@cdh.leidenuniv.nl