1. Diversity in the plant kingdom © 2008 Paul Billiet ODWSODWS

2. Bryophyta  Small terrestrial plants restricted to damp habitats  Water is needed for fertilisation  Spores ensure dispersal © 2008 Paul Billiet ODWSODWS

3. Bryophyta  Hepaticae the liverworts  Prostrate thallus with rhizoids www.flwildflowers.com/flwildflowers.html © 2008 Paul Billiet ODWSODWS

4. Bryophyta  Musci the mosses  Erect stem with leaflets +/- rhizoids http://www.univ-ubs.fr/ © 2008 Paul Billiet ODWSODWS

5. Filicinophyta the ferns  Water still needed for fertilisation  Spores ensure dispersal  Vascular plants  Lignified tissue (wood) may be present  Differentiated into: leaves, stem, roots, rhizome © 2008 Paul Billiet ODWSODWS

6. Filicinophyta www.rook.org/earl/bwca/nature/ferns/index.html procosara.org/san_rafael_en,photo,64?PHPSESSI...

7. Coniferophyta the conifers  Vascular plants  Seed plants  Seeds contain a food store for an embryo inside protective coat  Seeds ensure dispersal  Naked seeds born in cones http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2006/forest_changes_prt.htm © 2008 Paul Billiet ODWSODWS

8. Coniferophyta http://www.nearctica.com/trees/conifer/places/eastern.htm http://www.britannica.com/ebc/art-21824/Monkey-puzzle-tree Araucaria sp. (Monkey-puzzle)

9. Angiospermophyta the flowering plants  Vascular plants  Seed plants  Seeds protected by an ovary which becomes a fruit  Fruit, a structure that encourages seed dispersal © 2008 Paul Billiet ODWSODWS

10. Summary FeatureBryophytaFilicinophytaConiferophytaAngiospermophyta Common name MossesFernsConifersFlowering plants LeavesScalesYes RootsRhizoidsYes Vascular system NoYes Woody tissue SmallYes Waxy cuticle Damp habitats Yes Water for fertilisation Yes No SeedsNo Yes ConesNo YesNo FruitNo Yes © 2008 Paul Billiet ODWSODWS

11. Dicotyledons & Monocotyledons  Angiosperms are divided into two groups  The basic distinguishing feature are embryonic leaves (coytledons)  Cotyledons are found in the seeds of these plants © 2008 Paul Billiet ODWSODWS

12. Dicotyledon seed Seed coat or testa Cotyledons acting as a food reserve Plumule (to become the first true leaf) Radicle (to become the first root) Micropyle © 2008 Paul Billiet ODWSODWS

13. Monocotyledon seed Seed coat Cotyledon Plumule Radicle Endosperm (food reserve) © 2008 Paul Billiet ODWSODWS

14. Dicots v Monocots – other differences DicotyledonsMonocotyledons Tap roots and lateral branches Fibrous adventitious roots Net-veined leavesParallel-veined leaves © 2008 Paul Billiet ODWSODWS

15. DicotyledonsMonocotyledons Vascular tissue in a ring round the stem Vascular tissue scattered throughout stem Flowers with multiples of 4 or 5 organs Flowers with multiples of 3 organs Dicots v Monocots – other differences Vascular tissue Pith Epidermis Cortex Vascular tissue © 2008 Paul Billiet ODWSODWS