1. Chapter Nineteen The Body in Delivery

2. Chapter Nineteen Table of Contents zFunctions of Nonverbal Communication in Delivery zBody Language zPracticing the Delivery*

3. The Body in Delivery zAural channel yVocalizations that form and accompany spoken words zVisual channel yThe speaker’s visual actions and appearance, such as: xFacial expressions xGestures and body movement xPhysical appearance and dress xObjects held*

4. Functions of Nonverbal Communication in Delivery zResearchers have identified several ways in which nonverbal communication works together with the verbal component of a speech.*

5. Functions of Nonverbal Communication in Delivery zClarifying Verbal Messages zFacilitating Feedback zEstablishing Relationships Between Speaker and Audience zEstablishing Speaker Credibility*

6. Functions of Nonverbal Communication in Delivery: Clarifying Verbal Messages zThe same words spoken with different body movements or different vocal emphases convey different meanings.*

7. Functions of Nonverbal Communication in Delivery: Facilitating Feedback zBeing alert to the cues listeners use to communicate their pleasure or displeasure can mean the difference between an alienated audience and one that feels recognized and respected.*

8. Functions of Nonverbal Communication in Delivery: Establishing Relationships Between Speaker and Audience zNonverbal behavior (such as how you position yourself in relation to your audience) allows you to adjust your relationship with them, establishing a level of closeness and familiarity.*

9. Functions of Nonverbal Communication in Delivery: Establishing Speaker Credibility zAudiences are more readily persuaded by speakers who emphasize vocal variety, eye contact, nodding, and standing with an open body position.*

10. Body Language zAudience members are quick to detect discrepancies between what you say and how you say it.*

11. Body Language zFacial Expressions zEye Contact zGestures zGeneral Body Movement zDress and Objects*

12. Body Language: Facial Expressions zBy our facial expressions, an audience can gauge whether we are excited about or indifferent to our speech.*

13. Body Language: Eye Contact zMaintaining eye contact is mandatory in establishing a positive relationship with listeners, and is perhaps the most important physical action in speaking. zScanning yMoving your gaze from one audience member to another while speaking*

14. Body Language: Gestures zHead, arm, hand, and leg gestures clarify the meanings we try to convey in words. zThey: zFill in gaps. zExpress size or shape. zExpress depth of emotion. zAdd emphasis.*

15. Body Language: General Body Movement zAudience members may tire of a talking head that remains in one place behind a podium. zYou should strive to stand erect, but not rigidly.*

16. Body Language: Dress and Objects zThe first thing an audience tends to notice is your clothing. zAvoid the distracting use of props like pens, glasses of water, or open briefcases.*

17. Practicing the Delivery zThe more you practice, the greater your comfort level will be when you actually deliver a speech.*

18. Practicing the Delivery zFocus on the Message zStay Away from Mirrors zRecord the Speech zBe Prepared to Revise Your Speaking Outline zPractice Under Realistic Conditions zTime Your Speech zPlan Ahead and Practice Often *

19. Practicing the Delivery: Focus on the Message zYour goal should be to get your message across, not to display extraordinary delivery skills.*

20. Practicing the Delivery: Stay Away from Mirrors zMirrors will shift your attention away from your message to worrying about how you look.*

21. Practicing the Delivery: Record the Speech zTo accurately gauge how you sound and look, practice with audio- or videotaping.*

22. Practicing the Delivery: Be Prepared to Revise Your Speaking Outline zBe prepared to revise your speech if your introduction or conclusion isn’t as effective as you’d like it.*

23. Practicing the Delivery: Practice Under Realistic Conditions zTry to simulate the actual speech setting as you practice: yPicture audience and seating arrangements. yUse a makeshift podium. yBegin practicing with speaking outline until you are confident. yPractice in front of a live audience.*

24. Practicing the Delivery: Time Your Speech zTime your speech to ensure that you stay within the period allotted to you. zIf you are exceeding your time limit, adjust sections of the speech accordingly.*

25. Practicing the Delivery: Plan Ahead and Practice Often zBegin practicing your speech at least several days before you are to deliver it. zPractice your speech about five times in its final form.*