1. Anatomy and Physiology I
Muscles that Move the Vertebral Skeleton
Muscles that Aid in Breathing
Muscles of the Abdominal Wall
Muscles that Move the Scapula
Instructor: Mary Holman

2. Muscles that move the Vertebral Column
Erector spinae:
Iliocostalis group - lateral
Longissimus group - intermediate
Spinalis group - medial

3. Iliocostalis (lateral) group
Fig. 9.26
Iliocostalis (lateral) group
Iliocostalis cervicis
Iliocostalis thoracis
Iliocostalis lumborum
Action:
Acting together, muscles of
each region extend and main-
tain erect posture of vertebral
column in their respective
region.
Acting singly, laterally flex
vertebral column in their region.
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4. Iliocostalis Group of Erector Spinae Cervicis - Thoracis - Lumborum -
Fig. 9.26
Iliocostalis Group of
Erector Spinae
Iliocostalis
cervicis
Cervicis -
Origin: upper 6 ribs
Insertion: cervical vertebrae 4-6
Action: extends neck
Iliocostalis
thoracis
Thoracis -
Origin: lower 6 ribs
Insertion: upper 6 ribs
Action: holds spine erect, extends,
laterally flexes & rotates
Lumborum -
Origin: Iliac crest & lumbar vert.
Insertion: lower 6 ribs
Action: Extends, laterally flexes &
rotates spine
Iliocostalis
lumborum
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5. Action: Longissimus (intermediate) Group Longissimus capitis
Fig. 9.26
Longissimus (intermediate) Group
Longissimus capitis
Longissimus cervicis
Longissimus thoracis
Action:
Acting together, both L. capitis
muscles extend the head.
Acting singly, they rotate the
head to the same side as the
contracting muscle.
Acting together, L. cervicis &
L. thoracis extend the vertebral
column in their regions. Acting
singly, they laterally flex the
vertebral column in their region.
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6. Longissimus Group of Erector spinae Capitis- Cervicis - Thoracis-
Fig. 9.26
Longissimus Group of
Erector spinae
Longissimus
capitis
Capitis-
Origin: upper thoracic, lower cervical vertebrae
Insertion: Mastoid process
Action: extends & rotates head
Longissimus
cervicis
Cervicis -
Origin: 4th and 5th thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: 2nd - 6th cervical vertebrae
Action: holds spine erect, extends,
laterally flexes & rotates
Longissimus
thoracis
Thoracis-
Origin: lumbar vertebrae
Insertion: Thor. and upper lumbar
vertebrae & ribs 9 & 10
Action: Extends thoracic region of
spine

7. Spinalis (medial) Group
Fig. 9.26
Spinalis (medial) Group
Spinalis capitis
Spinalis cervicis
Spinalis thoracis
Action:
Acting together, muscles of
each region extend the
vertebral column of their
respective regions.
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8. Spinalis Group of Erector spinae Capitis- Cervicis - Thoracis-
Fig. 9.26
Spinalis Group of
Erector spinae
Spinalis
capitis
Capitis-
Origin: upper thoracic, lower cervical vertebrae
Insertion: Occipital bone
Action: extends & rotates head
Spinalis
cervicis
Cervicis -
Origin: ligmentum nuchae & 7th
cervical vertebra
Insertion: axis
Action: holds spine erect, extends,
laterally flexes & rotates
Spinalis
thoracis
Thoracis-
Origin: upper lumbar and lower
thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: Upper thoracic vertebrae
Action: Extends thoracic region of
spine

9. Erector spinae: Iliocostalis group Longissimus group Spinalis group
APRevealed
Iliocostalis group
Longissimus group
Spinalis group

10. Insertion: Upper lumbar vertebrae & 12th rib
Fig. 9.26
Quadratus lumborum
Origin: Iliac crest
Insertion: Upper lumbar
vertebrae & 12th rib
Action: Aids in breathing,
Extends lumbar region
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11. Muscles Used in Breathing
Diaphragm
External Intercostals
Internal Intercostals
Quadratus lumborum

12. Diaphragm Origin: Insertion: Xiphoid process, costal cartilages
Plate 7, pg 45
Origin:
Xiphoid process,
costal cartilages
of inferior 6 ribs,
and lumbar vertebrae
Insertion:
Central tendon
Diaphragm
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13. Intercostals External intercostal m. Internal intercostal m. Origin:
Plate 7, pg 45
External
intercostal m.
Intercostals
Origin:
Inferior border of rib above
Insertion:
Superior border of rib below
Internal
intercostal m.
Origin:
Superior border of rib
below
Insertion:
Inferior border of rib
above
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14. Insertion: Upper lumbar vertebrae & 12th rib
Fig. 9.26
Quadratus lumborum
Origin: Iliac crest
Insertion: Upper lumbar
vertebrae & 12th rib
Action: Aids in breathing,
extends lumbar region
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15. Plate 7 pg. 45
Quadratus
lumborum
Anterior view

16. Muscles of the Abdominal Wall
Rectus abdominis
External oblique
Internal oblique
Transversus abdominis

17. Rectus abdominis Origin: Insertion: Action:
Fig. 9.35a
Rectus abdominis
Tendinous intersections
Origin:
Crest of pubis and symphysis
pubis
Insertion:
Xiphoid process of sternum
and costal cartilages of 5th
to 7th ribs
Action:
Tenses abdominal wall,
compresses abdominal con-
tents and flexes vertebral
column.
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18. External oblique Origin: Insertion: Action: Outer surfaces of
9.35 a & b
External oblique
Origin:
Outer surfaces of
lower 8 ribs
Insertion:
Iliac crest and linea
alba
Action:
Tenses abdominal
wall and compresses
abdominal contents.

19. Internal oblique Origin: Insertion: Action: Crest of ilium and
Fig. 9.35a & c
Internal oblique
Origin:
Crest of ilium and
inguinal ligament
Insertion:
Cartilages of lower
ribs, linea alba and,
crest of pubis
Action:
Tenses abdominal
wall and compresses
abdominal contents
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20. Transversus abdominis
Fig. 9.35d
Transversus abdominis
Origin:
Costal cartilages of
lower ribs, processes
of lumbar vertebrae,
& lip of iliac crest.
Insertion:
Linea alba and crest
of pubis.
Action:
Tenses abdominal
wall and compresses
abdominal contents
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21. Transversus abdominus
Plate Two Pg 40
Rectus abdominus
External Oblique
Internal Oblique
Transversus abdominus

22. Transverse Section through Abdominal Wall
Fig. 9.35e
Transverse Section through Abdominal Wall
Peritoneum
Transversus
abdominis
Linea alba
Rectus abdominis
Internal
oblique
Skin
External
oblique
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23. © Royalty-Free/CORBIS
Page 347
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© Royalty-Free/CORBIS

24. Muscles that Move the Pectoral Girdle

25. Muscles that Move the Pectoral Girdle
Anterior Thoracic Muscles
Pectoralis minor
Serratus anterior
Posterior Thoracic Muscles
Trapezius
Levator scapulae
Rhomboideus major
Rhomboideus minor

26. Pectoralis minor Origin: Insertion: Action:
Fig. 9.28
Pectoralis minor
Origin:
Three upper ribs (can vary)
Insertion:
Coracoid process of
scapula
Action:
Depresses and abducts
scapula forward, rotates it
downward or raises ribs
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27. Serratus anterior Origin: Insertion: Action: Superior 8 or 9 ribs
Fig. 9.28
Serratus anterior
Origin:
Superior 8 or 9 ribs
Insertion:
Ventral surface of scapula
Action:
Pulls scapula anteriorly
and downward
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28. Trapezius Origin: Occipital bone Insertion: Clavicle,
Posterior
Trapezius
Anterior
Origin: Occipital bone
& spines of 7th cervical
and all thoracic
vertebrae
Insertion: Clavicle,
spine and acromion
process of scapula
Action: Rotates scapula
can raise, pull medially,
pull upward or depress
scapula
Fig. 9.28
Fig. 9.27b
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29. Trapezius m. Plate 57 pg 349 Biceps brachii m. Triceps brachii m.
Deltoid m.
Trapezius m.
Teres major m.
Infraspinatus m.
Border of scapula
Vertebral spine
Latissimus dorsi m.
Erector spinae m.
© Dr. Kent M. Van De Graaff

30. Levator scapulae Origin: Transverse Insertion: Medial Action: Elevates
Fig. 9.29a
Levator scapulae
Origin: Transverse
processes of superior 4
or 5 cervical vertebrae
Spine of
scapula
Insertion: Medial
border of scapula
Action: Elevates
scapula and rotates it
downward

31. Rhomboideus major Origin: Spines of Insertion: Medial Action: Adducts,
Fig. 9.27d
Rhomboideus major
Fig. 9.27a
Origin: Spines of
upper thoracic
vertebrae
Insertion: Medial
margin of scapula
Action: Adducts,
elevates and
rotates scapula
downward

32. Rhomboideus minor Origin: Spines of Insertion: Medial Action: Adducts,
Fig. 9.27d
Rhomboideus minor
Fig. 9.27a
Origin: Spines of
lower cervical
vertebrae
Insertion: Medial
margin of scapula
Action: Adducts,
and elevates
scapula