2.  Standard plain films: supine AP erect AP Lt. lateral decubitus

3.  gas pattern :intraluminal, intramural  Exrtraluminal gas  Soft tissue masses  Calcification

4. 1. What segment ? 2. The caliber ? 3. The most distal point ? 4. The gut mucosa ? 5. Air - fluid levels ?

5.  The stomach:  Location  Pattern  fluid level

6. Small bowel  Caliber  Location  Pattern  fluid levels

7.  Large bowel  Caliber  Location  Pattern  fluid levels

8.  The Location  Assessment of mucosal pattern : 1. Plicae circularis 2. Colonic haustra  Number of loops  Lower ileum & sigmoid colon ??

9.  Usually seen in erect position  Stomach  Duodenum  Small bowel  Large bowel

10.  Mechanical obstruction  Paralytic ileus  Acute ischemia  Inflammatory bowel disease

11. -Causes : -Features:

12. -Causes : -Features:

13.  Causes :  Features of dilated large & small bowel  Gas is seen within the rectum

14.  Causes :  Features

15.  Sigmoid volvulus :

16.  Causes  Features  Barium enema is CONTRAINDICATED

17.  ERECT FILMS, additional views  Causes  Features

19.  Pneumatosis

20.  Bowel wall ischaemia

21.  Assess :  the location (two views),  the pattern  the shape  Common calcifications

22.  Rim like  Linear  Lamellar  Cloudy

23.  Causes

29.  In normal subject 1. Lateral & inferior edge of liver 2. Spleen 3. Both kidneys 4. Psoas muscles 5. UB 6. Uterine indentation