1. Apetale Bisexuales (Hermaphrodite)
It is divided into 4 ORDERs:
Piperales
Aristolochiales
Polygonales
centrospermales

2. Piperales
A group of herbs, shrubs, and small trees found primarily in the tropics.
Piperales have tiny flowers that have no petals at all
The miniscule flowers are densely clustered in long spikes.
Many species are aromatic, producing fragrant or spicy smells.

3. Piperaceae
Habit: woody-volubilis ( liana ) plants (herbs, shrubs and small trees) native to tropics. comprising 10 genera and 1,400 to 2,000 species.
Leaves: entire, single, alternate or rarely opposite or whorled,
Inflorescence: rat-tail like spikes.
Flower: bisexual, or less commonly unisexual, minute, lack perianth (apetalous. )
Fruit: berry or drupe.
Other: they have secretary tissues consist of cells containing volatile oil

4. Piper nigrum L.
Habit: herbaceous woody-volubilis liana, native to tropics
Leaves: entire, ovate, single, alternate, petiolate, acuminate
Inflorescence: spicum, opposite with leaves
Flower: apetalous, bractate
Fruit: bacca

5. Piper nigrum

6. The immature fruits of Piper nigrum

7. Nearly ripe fruits of Piper nigrum

8. Piper cubeba L.
The dried cubeb berries contain essential oil consisting monoterpenes (sabinene 50% and α-thujene) and sesquiterpenes (caryophyllene, α- and β-cubebene, cadinene), the oxides 1,4- and 1,8-cineole and cubebol

9. Piper mythysticum( Kava )
Habit: shrub, with fleshy erect stem
Leaves: flate, petiolate, cordate at the base and acuminate at the tip
Inflorescence: spicum
Fruit: bacca

10. ORDER Aristolochiales
There are about 600 to 700 species, most of them in the genus Aristolochia ( 500 spp.), and most of the rest in Asarum ( 100 spp.).
They may grow as climbing vines, as short creeping herbs, and a few are shrub-like.
Members of this group have attractive leaves and flowers,

11. Aristolochiaceae Habit: perennial Shrubs, or lianas, or herbs
Leaves: simple, entire (usually), or dissected; alternate, spiral, flat, petiolate, aromatic,
Flowers: solitary, or aggregated, small to large, regular to very irregular, tricyclic to pentacyclic.
Fruit: a capsule (usually), or a berry, or a nut.

12. Aristolochia clematitis
Is a herbaceous plant, which is native to Europe. The leaves are heart shaped and the flowers are pale yellow and tubular in form.

13. Asarum europaeum (Asarum officinale)
Its leaves are aromatic and kidney-shaped, flowers are dark-red colored, and fruit is capsule

14. Here polygonaceae is prominent.
ORDER Polygonales
In this order, plants have flowers with simple perianth, trimerous to pentamerous
Here polygonaceae is prominent.

15. Polygonaceae It has 46 genera, 1100 species.
Habit: herbaceous, annual or perennial, to shrubs, trees or vines often with swollen nodes
Leaves: simple, alternate, often with membranous, sheathing stipule (ochrea)
Flower: Mostly perfect, actinomorphic, petaloid, distinct to connate
Ovary: superior, tricarpellate, unilocular with a single seed
Fruit: achena,

16. Rheum palmatum L. , رواش (Chinese rhubarb) or Rheum officinale
Habit: Perennial, with large fleshy roots , about 2 to 3 feet
Leaves: 5 to7 lobed, large with long, thick, often reddish petiole,
Flowers are hermaphrodite and are pollinated by Wind.

17. Rheum palmatum L.
The most common medicinal use of this plant is as a laxative in humans.

18. Rumex acetosella ترشک, (Acetosa acetosella Mill)
Perennialdioecious plant, with hastate leaves,

19. Rumax acetosella

20. Polygonum hydropiper L.

21. Polygonum fagopyrum

22. Polygonum bistorta

23. ORDER Centrospermales
These plants have 3 main characteristics belong to seed of ovule:
Ovule is always compylotropa
The embryo is spirally curved
Albumen is reduced

24. Classification of Centrospermales
Chenopodiaceae
Cactaceae
Caryophylaceae
Illecebraceae

25. Chenopodiaceae
Habit: herbaceous to shrubs, halophytes, annual or perennial,
Leaves: simple, mostly alternate
Flower: small, perfect or imperfect (monoecious or dioecious ), actinomorphic
Fruit: achena

26. Beta vulgaris L. لبلبو

27. Spinacia oleracea L. پالک ,

28. chenopodium ambrosioides
Annual herb, with erect stem, to 1m tall

29. chenopodium ambrosioides
The leaves are alternate, petiolate, oblong, marginally serrate, have light green color. Lower surface is ciliate

30. chenopodium ambrosioides
Flowers are bisexual, green colored, aggregated in terminal grappa

31. Cactaceae (cactus family)
Habit: xerophytes, spiny stem succulents, fleshy stems
Leaves: modified as spines,or fleshy
Flower: large, mostly perfect, actinomotphic
Fruit: berry

32. Echinocactus williamsii زقوم ,

33. opuntia vulgarisزبان خشو,
Aphyllus woody plant, 1 to 1.5m tall, fleshy stem is consist of flat-ovate nodes equipped by thorny structures

34. opuntia vulgaris
Flowers are yellow colored, solitary, appear at the edge of upper fleshy nodes; have many sepals, petals and stamens

35. opuntia vulgaris
Berries are fleshy, ovate and reddish-orange colored.

36. Caryophyllaceae Herbaceous plants with swollen nodes Leaves:
Opposite, simple, narrow with entire margins
Bases of paired leaves often connected
Inflorescence
Cymose or solitary
Usually terminal
Flowers:
Perfect, hypogynous
Frequently showy

37. Caryophyllaceae Calyx: Corolla: Stamens: Gynoecium:
5 (4), distinct or connate
Often persistent
Corolla:
5 (4), sometimes none
White or pink
Often notched at apex, with claw and limb form
Stamens:
1 or 2 whorls of 5, distinct, often basally adnate
Gynoecium:
1 pistil, 2- to 5-carpellate
Locules 1 (1-5 at base), styles 2 to 5
Ovules numerous (few), placentation free-central and axile below

38. Caryophyllaceae Fruit: Distribution: Examples:
Usually a capsule dehiscing by apical teeth, or a utricle
Seed an embryo curved around perisperm
Distribution:
North-temperate & arctic, Mediterranean
Examples:
Dianthus (carnation)

39. Saponaria officinalis عشقار,
A member of caryophylaceae, is a large perennial herb, with erect, branched stem risen from rhizome

40. Saponaria officinalis
Leaves: opposite, acuminate, dark-green colored and have 3 prominent veins

41. Saponaria officinalis
Flower: aromatic, pale pink colored, located in terminal, branched cymes

42. Gypsophlla sp.