1. What do you already know?
With your partner, put the vocabulary words in the correct column.

2. Answer Key Male Both Female Sperm Penis Vas deferens Facial hair
Testicles
scrotum
Emotions
Breasts
Urethra
Deeper voice
Testosterone
Muscles
Pubic hair
Acne
sweat
Fallopian tubes
Period
Egg
Cervix
Ovulation
Estrogen
Uterus
Menstruation
Vagina
progesterone

3. Reproductive
System

4. Ground Rules Appropriate and mature behavior/comments are expected.
Anatomical terms will be used.
Questions that might involve values or ethics, will not be answered, but will be referred home.
Personal stories should not include individual names.

5. Reproductive System What is the purpose of the reproductive system????
It is a group of organs that make possible the production of offspring.
A new human life results from the union of two specialized cells, one from a male and the other from a female.

6. Vocabulary Reproduction: The process of producing a new human.
Fertilization:
The process by which a sperm and an egg and their genetic materials join to create a new human life.
Sperm:
Sex cells that are produced by the testes and is needed to fertilize an egg.
Eggs (ova):
Sex cells that are produced by the ovaries that can be fertilized by sperm.

7. Male Reproductive System
What does the male reproductive system do?
It works to produce sperm and deliver it to the female reproductive system.
Let’s look closer.

8. Male
Label your diagram.

9. Scrotum
The skin covered sac that hangs from the body, below the penis. It holds the testes and epididymis.
Small muscles in the scrotum move the testes closer or farther from the body to help regulate temperature of sperm (if too hot they can become defective).
Optimal temperature is about 96 degrees. 

10. Testes (Testicle) The male reproductive organs that make sperm
the male hormone testosterone
Two testes rest in the scrotum (the scrotum is the skin-covered sac that hangs from the body)
Starting a puberty, several hundred million sperm each day is produced

11. Bladder
The bladder stores the urine which is produced by the kidneys.

12. Penis
The male reproductive organ that removes urine from the male’s body and that can deliver sperm to the female reproductive system.
Made of soft tissue and blood vessels
During sexual activity, it becomes erect or firm
Ejaculation - occurs when sperm are released from the penis after sexual excitement
Foreskin – a sheath of skin that covers the tip of the penis
Urethra is located here

13. It is a tightly coiled tube where sperm mature and are stored.
Epididymis
It is a tightly coiled tube where sperm mature and are stored.
Vans Deferens
A long, muscular tube
It transports mature sperm to the urethra in preparations for ejaculation.

14. Prostate Gland Urethra
A gland in males that adds fluids that nourish and protect sperm from the acid in the female reproductive system
Urethra
Is a tube that passes through the penis. It carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.
Sperm leave the body during ejaculation from this tube

15. Seminal Vesicles Semen
Produce thick secretions that nourish the sperm and help sperm move easier
Found the base of the urinary bladder
Semen
(Not on your notes)
A mixture of sperm and other secretions from the male reproductive organ. (65% fluid is produced by the seminal vesicles, 30% by the prostate, 5% from the testicles and epididymis)

16. Problems
( last page of notes )
Males can experience both minor and serious problems with their reproductive systems:
Inguinal hernia - may happen after heavy lifting
Sterility- not producing enough healthy sperm to have kids
Enlarged prostate gland - associated with aging
STI’s - Infections spread by sexual contact
Cancer - can affect testicles, prostate, other male reproductive organs

17. Hygiene
Males should:
Practice self- exam of scrotum and testicles once a month to check for lumps or unusual swelling
Shower/bathe regularly
Wear a protective or supporter during athletic activities to prevent accidental injuries
Avoid tight underwear – it can lead to low sperm count
Practice abstinence from sexual activity

18. Summary
Sperm is produced in testes and mature in the epididymis. Then travels through vas deferens, where it is mixed with seminal fluid created in the seminal vesicle and the prostate gland. Sperm and this fluid is called semen. Ejaculations is when muscles contract and force semen
through the urethra and out of the body.

19. Female Reproductive System
What does the female reproductive system do?
It works to make eggs and provide a place to support and nourish a developing human.
Let’s look closer.
Egg cell

20. Female
Label your diagram.

21. Ovaries They are the female reproductive organs that produce eggs
- Eggs (ova): sex cells that are produced by the ovaries and can be fertilized by sperm
- all of the eggs a female will ever have, are in her ovaries when she is born
They make the hormones estrogen and progesterone
- regulate monthly release of an egg and prepare the body for pregnancy

22. Uterus Fallopian Tubes
Female reproductive organ that provides a place to support a developing human. Also called the womb.
Muscular cavity the size of a fist
Fallopian Tubes
The female reproductive organs that transport an egg from the ovary to the uterus

23. Vagina
The female reproductive organ that connects the outside of the body to the uterus
Receives sperm during reproduction
Cervix
The lower portion of the uterus
It widens during childbirth to allow the baby the exit
Menstrual fluid flows from the uterus through it

24. Bladder
The bladder stores the urine which is produced by the kidneys.
Urethra
Is a tube carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.

25. Menstrual Cycle
A monthly series of hormone-controlled changes that prepare the uterine lining for a pregnancy.
Ovulation-
The release of an egg from a follicle in the ovary.
- high levels of estrogen and progesterone thicken and maintain the uterine lining
- if pregnancy does not occur – estrogen and progesterone level quickly fall

26. Menstrual Cycle YOUR PERIOD
Lining of uterus sheds if there is no fertilization.
Lining of the uterus ready to receive the embryo.
If egg is fertilized by sperm, embryo travels to the uterus.
Days of the Average
Menstrual Cycle
Lining of uterus begins to thicken in preparation to nourish a fertilized egg
OVULATION
One egg released

27. Fertilization
Fertilization is the joining of a male and female reproductive cell to make the first cell of a new human.
This cell, the fertilized egg, then moves down the fallopian tube and into the uterus.
The fertilized egg attaches to the wall of the uterus and begins to grow.

28. Pathway
Of a
Fertilized
Egg

29. Problems
Females can experience both minor and serious problems with their reproductive systems.
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
Toxic Shock Syndrome - rare but serious bacterial infection associated with incorrect use of menstrual hygiene products. Can cause a rash and fever. Requires immediate care.
Infertility - Caused by blocked fallopian tubes or failure to produce eggs.
Ovarian Cysts - growths on the ovary. Any pain, swelling, abnormal bloating, or heaviness in the abdominal region should be evaluated
STI’s
Cancer - can effect breasts, ovaries, uterus, or cervix

30. Hygiene
Females should have regular checkups by a physician and take good care of their reproductive system.
Monthly breast exams
Shower regularly
Record the menstrual periods
Practice abstinence